Cost-effective removal of Cr(VI) ions from aqueous media using L-cysteine functionalized gold nanoparticles embedded in melamine-based covalent organic framework (Cys-AuNPs@COF)

Abstract

Due to the growing concern about the environmental effects of heavy metals, researchers are developing materials that possess high absorption capacity in addition to selectivity and high absorption speed. Recently, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have been considered as emerging and promising adsorbents for the removal of many types of pollutants. In this work, a novel and selective adsorbent (Cys-AuNPs@COF) was prepared by embedding gold nanoparticles functionalized with L-cysteine in melamine-based COF for the removal of Cr(VI) ions from wastewater. The synthesized Cys-AuNPs@COF were characterizedby Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), and elemental mapping (EMA) analysis. The removal of Cr(VI) ions was performed using a batch mode process by taking advantage of response surface methodology (RSM) based on a central composite design (CCD) model. The maximum adsorption capacity of Cys-AuNPs@COF was 151.5 mg g−1. The experimental results followed the Langmuir model and showed pseudo-second-order kinetics. A portable, low-cost, and highly sensitive device with a smartphone colorimeter platform was developed for in situ measurement of trace amounts of chromium (VI) ions. Due to its simplicity and versatility, this method has the potential to serve as an alternative to conventional field analysis methods.