Abstract
Nearly 770 000 cosmetic surgical procedures of the face and head were performed in the United States in 2010, as were a staggering 11.5 million minimally invasive nonsurgical facial cosmetic procedures, including botulinum toxin injections and soft-tissue fillers. This article describes the most popular surgical and minimally invasive facial cosmetic procedures and reviews the literature exploring patients’ psychological characteristics and body image concerns. Social, psychological, and cultural implications of surgical and nonsurgical facial cosmetic procedures are discussed.
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