Abstract
Offshore wind turbines operating in harsh marine environments are at risk of corrosion. Thickness loss and perforation caused by corrosion can lead to component failure or structure collapse. An environmental test setup was constructed to simulate various marine corrosion zones. Several experimental studies were conducted on Q355 steel, commonly used in offshore wind turbines. The mass loss and electrochemical properties of the steel specimens were analyzed, including electrochemical impedance spectra and polarization curves. The results indicate that corrosion remains stable in the immersion and tidal zones, whereas corrosion in the splash zone is the most severe, with a corrosion rate as high as 0.70 mm/a. A significant macroscopic corrosion cell effect was observed on the vertical steel strip, accelerating corrosion in the splash zone and at the low tide line. The corrosion product compositions and corrosion morphology of each corrosion zone were characterized and analyzed. Furthermore, a corrosion monitoring sensor based on electromechanical impedance was proposed. A prediction model for the mass loss rate of vertical steel strips was developed based on the conductance peak frequency. This study elucidates the corrosion evolution of wind turbine structural steel and proposes a comprehensive steel corrosion monitoring solution.
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