Correlation between dietary behavior and mental sub-health among Chinese adolescents

Abstract

Objective To determine the relationship between mental sub-health and dietary behavior among Chinese adolescents, and to provide a scientific basis for improving adolescent mental sub-health through healthy dietary behavior. Methods A total of 16 545 adolescents aged 13 to 22 years were sampled by random cluster sampling method in six administrative regions of China. A questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate adolescents’ dietary behaviors and mental sub-health status. Results The proportion of boys consuming breakfast, snacks, carbonated drinks, vegetables, fish and dairy products was 76.2%, 20.2%, 19.0%, 78.4%, 52.4% and 59.2%, respectively, while the proportion of girls was 79.2%, 28.6%, 12.6%, 78.3%, 43.2% and 54.9%, respectively. Except for the “vegetable” option, dietary behaviors showed significant sex differences ( χ 2 = 20.79, 320.10, 229.06, 150.27, 32.21, P <0.01). In terms of mental sub-health, the detection rates of male adolescents’ mental sub-health status, behavioral sub-health and social sub-health were 20.7%, 26.0% and 17.2%, respectively, while those of female adolescents were 18.6%, 24.1% and 14.8%, respectively. The differences between boys and girls were statistically significant (χ 2 = 17.32, 7.66, 17.46, P <0.01). Controlling for age and gender, breakfast “normally eating” and “occasionally eat”, vegetables “normally eating” and “occasionally eat”, fish “normally eating” and “occasionally eat”, milk, dairy products “normally drink” and “occasional drink”, was negatively associated with teenagers’ psychological sub-health ( OR = 0.60, 0.73; 0.50, 0.65; 0.74, 0.77; 0.73, 0.69, P < 0.05). Conclusion Healthy dietary behavior could be protective to avoid adolescent mental sub-health. Nutritional lectures and guideline books are needed among students and their parents. Nutritionists are encouraged to provide healthy nutritional advice to school canteen. 【摘要】 目的 了解中国青少年心理亚健康与饮食行为的相关性, 为改善青少年心理亚健康提供科学依据。 方法 2015—2017 年在中国六大行政区采用分层随机整群抽样方法抽取 16 545 名 13~22 岁青少年, 采用青少年亚健康多维评定 问卷 (Multidimensional Sub-health Questionnaire of Adolescents, MSQA) 的心理问卷进行心理亚健康测试, 同时进行饮食行为 调査。 结果 男生在早餐、零食、碳酸饮料、蔬菜、鱼肉以及乳制品方面 “基本都吃/喝” 的比例分别为 76. 2%, 20. 2%, 19. 0%, 78. 4%, 52. 4%, 59. 2%, 女生分别为 79.2%, 28, 6%, 12. 6%, 78, 3%, 43. 2%, 54, 9%, 除 “蔬菜” 选项外, 其他各项在性 别间分布差异均有统计学意义 (χ 2 值分别为 20. 79, 320. 10, 229. 06, 150. 27, 32. 21, P 值均<0. 01)。心理亚健康方面, 男生 心理亚健康状态、品行亚健康和社会适应亚健康检出率分别为 20. 7%, 26. 0%, 17. 2%, 女生分别为 18. 6%, 24. 1%, 14. 8%, 差异均有统计学意义 (χ 2 值分别为 17.32, 7.66, 17.46, P 值均<0.01)。控制年龄和性别后, 多因素Logistic回归分析显示, 早餐 “基本都吃” 和 “偶尔吃” 、蔬菜 “基本都吃” 和 “偶尔吃” 、鱼肉 “基本都吃” 和 “偶尔吃” 、牛奶、乳制品 “基本都喝” 和 “偶 尔喝” 与心理亚健康状态的发生均呈负相关 ( OR 值分别为 0. 60, 0. 73; 0. 50, 0. 65; 0.74, 0. 77; 0, 73, 0. 69, P 值均<0.05)。 结论 健康的饮食行为是避免青少年产生心理亚健康的保护因素。建议学校针对家长及学生定期开展膳食营养讲座及发 放膳食营养指导手册, 学校食堂配备公共营养师指导日常配餐等。