Coordination of Charging Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEV) in Electric Distribution Networks to Minimize Power Losses and Voltage Deviations

Abstract

Plug-in Electric Vehicle (PEV) is a vehicle with a drive in the form of an electric motor and gets its energy source from a rechargeable battery. PEV (grid-to-vehicle, or G2V) charging activity can pose a risk to the distribution system when PEV is injected into the system. Charging PEV in the distribution system will cause the demand for electrical power to increase. Without a proper and optimal charging coordination system for the many PEVs that exist in the distribution network system, the following technical problems will arise in the network such as: occurrence of unusual and unwanted peak loads in power consumption, voltage sag, transformers or conductors overload, as well as the occurrence of high power system losses in the distribution system. This study discusses the optimization of PEV charging coordination scheduling in a distribution system by considering power losses and voltage deviations. To optimize the coordination of PEV charging, this study used a metaheuristic method called the Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (BPSO) which was then compared with the Binary Gray Wolves Optimization (BGWO) method. This scheme is simulated on the 20kV Pujon Feeder distribution system in Malang, Indonesia. The initial simulation results, at the time when the most loads were presented, showed 80 percent of PEV penetration, increase in power losses of 54.51 percent and voltage deviation of 9.82 percent. By using the BPSO method, the results showed power loss increase of 27.2 percent and voltage deviation of 7.75 percent. Meanwhile, by using the BGWO method the increase in power losses was 31.09 percent and the voltage deviation was 7.98 percent.