Abstract
One of the most significant control schemes in optimal operation of distribution networks is Volt/Var control (VVC). Owing to the radial structure of distribution systems and distribution lines with a small X/R ratio, the active power scheduling affects the VVC issue. A Distribution System Operator (DSO) procures its active and reactive power requirements from Distributed Generations (DGs) along with the wholesale electricity market. This paper proposes a new operational scheduling method based on a joint day-ahead active/reactive power market at the distribution level. To this end, based on the capability curve, a generic reactive power cost model for DGs is developed. The joint active/reactive power dispatch model presented in this paper motivates DGs to actively participate not only in the energy markets, but also in the VVC scheme through a competitive market. The proposed method which will be performed in an offline manner aims to optimally determine (i) the scheduled active and reactive power values of generation units; (ii) reactive power values of switched capacitor banks; and (iii) tap positions of transformers for the next day. The joint active/reactive power dispatch model for daily VVC is modeled in GAMS and solved with the DICOPT solver. Finally, the plausibility of the proposed scheduling framework is examined on a typical 22-bus distribution test network over a 24-h period.
Highlights
In the joint active and reactive power market proposed here, the Distribution System Operator (DSO) are seeking to minimize the objective function which consists of the offered energy cost of Distributed Generations (DGs) and distribution company (Disco), the QPF of DGs for their reactive power compensation, and the total payment for reactive power purchased by Disco from the wholesale market as follows: Minimize COSTEnergy QPFDG COSTQ,Disco
This paper has presented a new approach based on the joint day-ahead active and reactive power market to schedule active and reactive power in distribution networks in the presence of DGs
In order to encourage DGs to actively participate in the VVC scheme, a multi-component reactive power bidding framework for a DG has been modeled considering the capability curve
Summary
The Volt/Var control (VVC) is defined as the regulation of a voltage profile over the distribution feeders and optimum reactive power flows in the system [1,2]. Centralized offline control have been implemented to determine dispatching schedules for switched Sh.Cs, OLTC settings at substations and the active/reactive power of DGs for the day ahead, according to an optimization problem based on load demand forecasts [7,8,9,10,11,12], while research on decentralized real-time control have aimed to control the VVC devices based on real-time and local measurements [13,14,15]. By ever-increasing integration of DGs into the distribution networks, development of a market-based approach for active and reactive power scheduling in distribution systems with DGs is gaining more importance
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