Consolidated compendium of PV interconnection standards and guidelines across the globe in a smart grid

Abstract

The environmental concerns and shortage in conventional energy has paved the way for utilizing renewable energy resources like photovoltaic energy (PV). As the grid is becoming smarter, the complexity associated with the conventional power system network has gone up with increased renewable energy penetration. Safety factor and reliable interconnection of various photovoltaic generators has become a major challenge in the smart grid environment. The ramifications associated with the PV interconnection needs an adherence to reliable operation of the grid without any violations. Standards or guidelines for grid-connected photovoltaic generation systems play a vital role in the PV interconnection. Several organizations and technical committees are constantly involved in research to update and revise such standards on a frequent basis throughout the world. The focus of this paper is to realize a consolidated compilation of PV interconnection standards across the globe. This survey will serve as a reference for improving standards for grid-connected PV systems in a smart grid environment.