Abstract
Nowadays, the rapid deployment of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) and the integration of Internet of Things (IoT) technology has enabled their application to grow in various industrial fields in our country. Various factors influence the success of WSN development, particularly improvements in Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols, for which WSNs-IoT are deemed vital. Several aspects should be considered, such as energy consumption reduction, performance, scalability for a large deployment of nodes, and clustering intelligence. However, many protocols address this aspect in a constrained view of handling the medium access. This work presents a state-of-the-art review of recently proposed WSN MAC protocols. Different methods and approaches are proposed to enhance the main performance factors. Various performance issue factors are considered to be the main attribute that the MAC protocol should support. A comparison table is given to provide further details about using these approaches and algorithms to improve performance issues, such as network throughput, end-to-end delay, and packet drop, translated into energy consumption.
Highlights
The continuous enhancement of smart sensors and low-power electronics has confirmed Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) position as one of the top-ranked technologies in the last few years [1]
Improves data transmission performance based on traffic conditions by taking into account the size of the node queue and improving the energy-efficient performance enhances the residual energy saving
Based on the available information, we subsequently propose a framework for identifying new trends and contributions of WSN-Medium Access Control (MAC) to qualitative literature reviews and validate its application with an example
Summary
The continuous enhancement of smart sensors and low-power electronics has confirmed Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) position as one of the top-ranked technologies in the last few years [1]. These sensors are tiny, low-cost, low-power, multi-functional devices with short-range communication capabilities [2]. WSNs are composed of a vast number of sensors that can sense the environment and collect data, store them, and send them for further processing [4]. Data collected by the sensor devices are routed toward the sink node in a hop by hop approach. The sink node, which is the base station, performs further processing and analysis [5]
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