Conceptual Bases of Full Realization of Women's Labour and Entrepreneurial Activity

This study examined the effects of using mobile technology on entrepreneurial educational interest and development among students at Osun State College of Education, Ilesa. A descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study and the sample consisted of two hundred (200) randomly selected student entrepreneurs in the college. The research instrument was self-developed by the researcher for the purpose of the study, namely: Effects of mobile technology on entrepreneurial interest and development of students. The reliability coefficients obtained for research instruments was 0.825 (Cronbach’s Alpha). Data collected were analysed using percentage, mean and ANOVA. Findings from the study revealed that Fashion Designing/Tailoring was the entrepreneurial activity with the highest number of students. Also, the use of mobile technology has positive effects on students’ interest in entrepreneurial activity ( = 3.29) and students’ entrepreneurial development ( = 3.41). Finally, findings showed a significant difference in the effects of mobile technology on students’ interest in entrepreneurial activity (F(1, 199) = 13.688, p (0.000) < 0.05) and students’ entrepreneurial development (F(1, 199) = 16.715, p (0.000) < 0.05). The study recommended the use of mobile technology to foster students’ entrepreneurial interests and development.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0009/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

Female entrepreneurship is gaining an increasingly significant role on the domestic and international economic scene and represents an important potential for the development of a country's economy. In developed countries, women have special incentives and support for the development of their own entrepreneurship. In addition to the applied policies that protect women against discrimination and inequality, numerous organizations and associations that deal with women's issues and provide them with various types of support operate in these countries. Female entrepreneurship represents an important potential for the development of the global economy. Female entrepreneurship affects the reduction of unemployment, the establishment of businesses in new spheres, the application of new technologies and the development of entrepreneurship. This statement draws attention to the development trends of female entrepreneurship in developed countries, but also in developing countries. For women, success is not only measured in terms of profit, although financing is the biggest problem when starting and developing a business. It is very important for women that their descendants inherit their business, and the legacy of their business is very important to them in order to feel successful, but also the social impact of their company. The above is in support of the fact that women are better social entrepreneurs and open social enterprises more often, and all this is due to the fact that money is not the most important and decisive factor for them to engage in entrepreneurial activity.The paper investigates whether women entrepreneurs have any specific characteristics and what motivates them to entrepreneurship. It also identifies the obstacles that women face in establishing new businesses and what kind of support should be provided to them in order to encourage entrepreneurship. The main goal of this paper is to draw attention to the untapped potential of women entrepreneurs. Based on the identified problems and experiences of other countries described in the paper, initiatives and good practices can be defined to support women entrepreneurs that can be applied in domestic conditions. The paper ends with a description of organizations and programs that exist and are implemented in other countries, and have shown success in creating a positive climate for the development of female entrepreneurship.

Factors Influencing the Development of Women Entrepreneurship in Bangladesh

Needless to say that the women entrepreneurs of Bangladesh lack behind in economic advancement and decision making abilities compared to men business entrepreneurs. Research shows that only seven percent of the total business establishments are owned and headed by women which are negligible in number in a country where more than 170 million people live. One of the reasons of poor development of women entrepreneurship is limited decision making abilities of the women at different level of the society. Hence, this study aims at identifying the factors related to the development of women decision making abilities among the women business entrepreneurs. This is a causal research and this study used primary data collected from the women entrepreneurs of seven administrative divisional head-quarters of Bangladesh enlisted in Bangladesh Women Chamber of Commerce and Industry (BWCCI) database. The study used both probability and non-probability sampling techniques to select 395 women business entrepreneurs who are involved in SME businesses for interview. The data were analyzed by using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) techniques. The results show that the factors concerning women business entrepreneurship activities such as, enterprise management, enterprise resourcing, generating business ideas, and harvesting and growth are significantly related to the development of women entrepreneurship in Bangladesh. And the development of entrepreneurship helps developing decision making abilities of the women entrepreneurs. The entrepreneurial factors that help to improve the abilities of decision making of the women entrepreneurs are concerned with cognitive, affective and psychomotor factors. This study suggests that the policy makers of this sector should emphasize the enhancement of the decision making abilities of the women in formulating the SME policy for the sustainable economic development of Bangladesh.

Entrepreneurship development refers to the process of creating an environment that fosters entrepreneurship and supports the growth and success of entrepreneurial ventures. It plays a critical role in driving economic growth and job creation, as well as promoting innovation and competitiveness In the UAE, women make up only a small percentage of entrepreneurs, with the majority of businesses owned and operated by men. Gender considerations in entrepreneurship development requires promoting women's leadership and representation in the business community. It was found that UAE Gender Balance Council was set up with the aim of promoting gender balance across all sectors of society, and the Sheikha Fatima bint Mubarak Women's Entrepreneurship Initiative, which provides financial and non-financial support to women entrepreneurs. There are also several private sector initiatives aimed at supporting women's entrepreneurship in the UAE, including the Dubai Business Women Council, which provides business training and support to women entrepreneurs, and the Women's Angel Investor Network, which provides funding and mentorship to women-led businesses. Promoting gender diversity and inclusion in business can have a positive impact on the wider economy, by promoting innovation and growth. In conclusion, it is important to address the challenges that women entrepreneurs face in balancing their entrepreneurial activities with their family responsibilities. Beauracracy in accessing mentorship and networking opportunities, accessing technology and digital resources, accessing information and resources related to entrepreneurship and in accessing business incubators and accelerators. The study recommended that the government should encourage more women to participate in entrepreneurship by promoting female role models and highlighting the successes of women entrepreneurs in the UAE.  Develop mentorship and networking programs that are specifically tailored to the needs of women entrepreneurs. Provide opportunities for women entrepreneurs to connect with international networks and markets. Increase the representation of women on boards and in senior leadership positions in businesses and organizations. This can help to create a more inclusive and diverse business environment in the UAE. Encourage the development of women-led and women-owned businesses in the UAE. Keywords: Gender Considerations, Entrepreneurship Development, United Arab Emirates

Today, entrepreneurship represents a career opportunity for women of all age groups, especially for young mothers who can be with their children and work at the same time. There are more women than men living in the European Union, there are only a little more than a third of the self-employed in the European Union. Social networks represent a very economical and cost-effective way of advertising products, which provides an outlet for female entrepreneurship in the sense that today everything can be much more visible in the world than it was before. Advertising with social networks is the most common form of informing users about new products or services, this especially applies to the younger group of users. The aim of the work is to present an analysis of the role and importance of young mothers in the development of entrepreneurship in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The subject of the research is related to the success of this type of entrepreneurship in the Balkans, its survival, and growth in the future. Methodology: The hypothesis that H0 – small entrepreneurship of young mothers has a significant impact on the development of entrepreneurship in the Balkans was tested through comparative research conducted based on questionnaires and available research on the Internet. The obtained research results indicate newly emerging trends, but it is necessary to point out that these same trends are expected. The study presents the results of research from the previous period in this area. The key conclusions from the research refer to the observation of variables that can be useful in making more effective decisions on this matter in the future. This represents the mission of female entrepreneurship, which leads to determining priorities such as professional training and improvement of women's knowledge and skills, promotion of a favorable image of women in business, and the establishment of new companies owned by women - self-employment. Keywords: entrepreneur, marketing, management, social network, mother.

This chapter gives an overview of women entrepreneurship in Montenegro. The chapter starts with offering a historical summary of a woman’s role in Montenegro, which serves as the basis for further analysis of the development of women entrepreneurship. It further analyzes demographic indicators, as well asobstacles and challenges which are relevant for the development of women entrepreneurship. The analysis shows that women entrepreneurship is a concept that is more used in Montenegrin economic theory, but it is hardly present in everyday life. Besides, there are no precise details on participation of women entrepreneurship in economy. A significant segment of the chapter is analysis of business environment and institutional support in the function of development of women entrepreneurship, with a special overview of the role of the strategy of the development of women entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurial activity brings employment, economic growth, and wealth and represents an essential component of the advanced economy. On the other hand, it is a fact that the participation of women in creating politics in Montenegro is insufficient, i.e., a relatively small number of women are present in the leading positions and positions for decision-making. The chapter finishes with offering recommendations and guidelines for future development of women entrepreneurship in Montenegro. In that sense, a key element for increasing women entrepreneurial activity is multiple support to greater number of women to get involved in the business. Women entrepreneurship in economically less developed countries helps women to avoid the trap of poverty. Additionally, women entrepreneurship breaks entrepreneurial stereotypes which are rooted in society for a long time.

Policy Implications to Improve the Business Environment to Encourage Female Entrepreneurship in the North of Vietnam

The article discusses the problems of development of women's entrepreneurship in the world, in Europe and in Canada. It is found that the entrepreneurial activity of women, although increasing in recent years, is still lower than that of men due to the existence of a number of problems, such as: gender stereotypes, unequal access to financial resources, legislative and regulatory obstacles, and others. Governments recognize that the involvement of women in entrepreneurship can bring significant benefits to the economy, and this prompts the development of appropriate public policies and support programs. The European Union has formed a strong regulatory framework in the field of women's economic independence and the development of women's entrepreneurship, introduced a number of tools and initiatives aimed at supporting women entrepreneurs. A number of initiatives are underway in the UK to promote greater transparency in funding distribution, launch new investment vehicles, encourage institutional and private investors, create new banking products, improve access to professional expertise, and expand opportunities for mentoring, entrepreneurial education and awareness. In particular, the Investing in Women Code has been developed, which is a commitment to support the development of women's entrepreneurship in the country by improving the access of women entrepreneurs to the financial services market; The Invest in Women Hub was created for the purpose of information support. Canada has developed and implemented the Women Entrepreneurship Strategy, which aims to develop such areas as helping businesses grow through mentoring and skills development; expanding access to capital; improving access to federal business innovation programs; expanding access to data and knowledge. It is found that the implementation of state policies in the field of women's entrepreneurship leads to positive results and reduction of gender inequality in the economic, social and educational spheres.

Expanding the role of women in the social, economic and socio-political life of the country is one of the priority directions of the state. In this regard, in recent years, large-scale measures have been implemented in the direction of the development of small and medium-sized entrepreneurship in the non-oil sector, especially in Baku and the regions, and various projects in accordance with advanced international practice have been implemented, and comprehensive support has been provided to the development of women's entrepreneurship: "Increasing attention to the development of women's entrepreneurship in our country makes us even more proud. and encourages. In order to develop female entrepreneurship in our country, it is planned to develop stimulating mechanisms for female entrepreneurs. These mechanisms will significantly increase the opportunities for realizing women's economic initiatives. In the mechanisms, the issue of women's employment, especially in rural areas, will be focused on, more promising directions in this field will be determined and relevant measures will be taken. As a result of joint efforts and measures to be taken, a more favorable environment for women's entrepreneurial activity will be created, and the number of women among small and medium entrepreneurs will increase."

Microfinance initiatives have gained significant traction in Uttar Pradesh, India, aiming to address the financial exclusion faced by rural women and promote their economic empowerment through entrepreneurship. This research aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the impact of microfinance on entrepreneurship development and business growth among rural women entrepreneurs in Uttar Pradesh. By examining the intricate interplay between microfinance interventions, entrepreneurial activities, and socio-economic outcomes, this study seeks to elucidate the pathways through which microfinance facilitates empowerment and fosters sustainable development in rural communities.The research methodology employed in this study encompasses both quantitative and qualitative approaches, allowing for a nuanced understanding of the complex relationship between microfinance and women's entrepreneurship. Quantitative surveys are administered to a sample of rural women entrepreneurs, capturing key variables such as access to finance, business performance indicators, and socio-economic characteristics. These surveys provide valuable quantitative insights into the impact of microfinance on entrepreneurship development and business growth, shedding light on trends, patterns, and correlations within the data.Complementing the quantitative analysis, qualitative interviews are conducted with selected participants to delve deeper into their experiences, perceptions, and challenges related to microfinance and entrepreneurship. Through in-depth qualitative interviews, the voices of rural women entrepreneurs are amplified, offering rich narratives and contextual insights into the lived realities of microfinance beneficiaries.The findings of this research contribute to a nuanced understanding of the impact of microfinance on entrepreneurship development and business growth among rural women in Uttar Pradesh. Key themes emerging from the analysis include the transformative role of microfinance in providing women with access to financial resources, fostering entrepreneurial aspirations, and promoting socio-economic empowerment. The research highlights the importance of tailored microfinance interventions that address the unique needs and challenges faced by rural women entrepreneurs, including financial literacy, skill development, and market linkages.In conclusion, this research advances understanding of the transformative power of microfinance in empowering rural women entrepreneurs and driving inclusive economic growth in Uttar Pradesh. By providing empirical evidence of the impact of microfinance on entrepreneurship development and business growth, this study informs policy and practice for designing effective microfinance interventions that prioritize the needs and aspirations of rural women entrepreneurs.

Women entrepreneurship in B-cities in India is a dynamic yet under researched setting of intersectionalities of traditional limitations and emerging digital opportunities. This study is an exploration of how women entrepreneurs with small ventures such as selling food and handicrafts or providing digital services navigate and occupy their socio-cultural and institutional limitations in transforming personal passion into a business. It aims to explore how women entrepreneurs utilize cultural and institutional support, challenges encountered in the process of monetizing passion-led enterprises, and the extent to which digital platforms offer increased market access and promote growth and in a competitive environment. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, data were collected from a stratified purposive sample of 200 women entrepreneurs across sectors of food, handicraft, digital services, and fashion. Quantitative data were analyzed utilising correlation, regression, and t-tests. The results show a significant positive correlation between cultural/institutional support & entrepreneurial support and development. Monetization and growth appear to be moderately impeded due to socio-cultural and financial constraints. Digital platforms, particularly WhatsApp Business and Instagram, are found to promote customer access and entrepreneurial development and growth while digital literacy knowledge gaps are a concern. In conclusion, determining the transition from passion to profit is influenced by the motivation of the personal entrepreneur, their social networks, institutional context, and digital skill. This study highlights the need for localized, policy, and capacity building in respect of the digital landscape to develop an inclusive support system that empowers, supports, and develops women entrepreneurs in urban India in the non-metropolitan context

Empirical studies have found that developing countries are mostly affected by the whims of gender discrimination particularly against the women in their quest to be involveld in entrepreneurship activities and other economic ventures. Hence , the need to study Women Entrepreneurships’ Development in Imo State, Nigeria; Challenges and Prospects. Four hundred and fifty (450) women entrepreneurs from Imo State Nigeria were randomly selected from the list of registered women entrepreneurs in the three geopolitical zones of Imo State. A likert scale responses on questionnaire and rating scales were used to obtain the required data for the study. It deployed descriptive statistics and regression analysis for hypotheses testing. Findings reveal that, challenges (CHA) exerted significant negative influence on the women entrepreneurship development (WED) in Imo State, Nigeria. On the other hand, prospects (PRO) is a positive and significant function of WED. Results also reveal that, discriminatory laws and regulations (DLR) (with mean rank of 5.21) happens to be the highest challenge to women entrepreneurship in Imo State. While innovation (INNO) (with mean rank of 7.49) represents the highest Prospects for women entrepreneurship in Imo State. The study concluded that, the strength in the identified prospects will help curtail the gender biases in favour of the women. In all, dismantling of the discriminatory laws and regulations against women will produce the ultimate objective of economic growth and development. Consequently, the future of women entrepreneurship in Imo State, lies in those identified prospects. It recommended that government deliberate support programmes targeting the female folk will aid women entrepreneurship development. Thus, the more increase in participation by females in entrepreneurial activity will provide the required trajectory for development.

The growing need to ensure balanced and harmonious development of both entrepreneurship and territorial complexes, considering practical and strategic aspects of sustainable development, proves the relevance of the chosen topic. This approach involves aligning the interests of various parties, such as entrepreneurs, local authorities, public organizations, and other stakeholders, to promote sustainable progress and improve the quality of life in the territory. This study aims to create an effective interaction between entrepreneurial activity and the development of settlements, which will contribute to sustainable economic, social, and environmental development. The possibilities of sustainable, mutually coordinated development of entrepreneurship and territorial complexes were studied. The processes of power decentralization in Ukraine are characterized. The significance of cooperation between representatives of entrepreneurship, authorities, local self-government, and the public has been proven. The reasons and consequences of such collaboration are systematized. The social responsibility of business, inclusiveness, sustainability, and economic security of the development of entrepreneurship and territorial complexes are substantiated. Varieties of partnership relations within the mutually coordinated development of entrepreneurship and territorial complexes are characterized. The importance of partnership relations between various parties for effective joint problem-solving, ensuring development sustainability, and optimizing resource use has been proven. The interaction of businesses, authorities, and the public stimulates inclusive development, involving all population segments in decision-making processes and project implementation. Modern challenges and crises associated with the unprovoked invasion of Russia require even greater coordination and cooperation of representatives of the business sphere with local authorities and self-government bodies to ensure stability and adaptation to new conditions. Inclusive development of entrepreneurship and territorial complexes is a prerequisite for achieving sustainable development of territories and improving the population's quality of life. Joint interaction, considering the interests of various parties, and developing partnership relations are essential tools for effectively solving modern challenges and ensuring sustainable development. Keywords: entrepreneurship, territorial complexes, territorial communities, sustainable development, decentralization, corporate social responsibility, economic security, inclusivity, innovation, and investment opportunities.

The number of women entrepreneurs who start a new business or own a business has been increasing rapidly in recent years. The aim of this study was to determine the problems faced by women entrepreneurs registered in the associations and chambers of business in the Eastern Mediterranean Region during their entrepreneurship and to examine the effects of these problems on women entrepreneurs. The main purpose of this study is to define the role of female labor force in the new sectoral structure in the changing labor market. In addition, it is aimed to identify the existing entrepreneurship activities, to examine the barriers to entrepreneurship and to propose solutions to the problems identified in line with the findings. The role of women entrepreneurs in the labor market is examined. Evaluating these factors, which are thought to affect the business life of women entrepreneurs, to develop suggestions that can contribute to their development and empowerment. Within the scope of this study, women entrepreneurs in the Eastern Mediterranean Region were investigated. In the preliminary study, women entrepreneurs registered as women entrepreneurs were identified by contacting the Chamber of Commerce, Chamber of Industry, Organized Industrial Zone and Commodity Exchange, and the research was conducted through face-to-face questionnaires with the entrepreneurs who accepted the interview in Eastern Mediterranean Region. At the end of the study, the most common problems faced by women engaged in entrepreneurship activity were; low level of education, insufficient financial support and lack of information. In developing countries such as Turkey, especially in terms of the effects of women's entrepreneurship development should not be ignored.