Compressive strength of masonry grout containing high amounts of class F fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag

Abstract

A large testing program was devised to determine the compressive strength of masonry grouts made with various combinations of class F fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag to replace high amounts of Portland cement. In a first phase, mixes were proportioned by volume and batched with 0, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60percent Portland cement replacement; specimens were cured in a dry and wet environment. The objective of the first phase was to determine the viability of and the methodology for the overall project. In the second phase, mixes were proportioned by weight, the more common practice in the United States, and batched with 0, 20, 30, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60 and 65percent Portland cement replacement. Specimens in the second phase were cured in a wet environment only. In the first and second phases, Portland cement was replaced only by fly ash. In the third phase, mixes were proportioned also by weight and batched with 0, 50, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, and 85percent Portland cement replacement. In the third phase, Portland cement was replaced by combinations of fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag; however, the fly ash content was maintained constant at 25percent. Specimens in the third phase were also cured in a wet environment only. Specimens were typically tested at 14, 28, 42, 56, and 90days; in Phase I specimens were also tested at 7days but not at 90days. Three specimens were tested for each replacement rate, age, and curing conditions.Several mixes developed satisfactory strength, i.e., the mixes achieved the ASTM specified minimum compressive strength of 13.8MPa at 28days. The results show that mixes with up to 55percent fly ash and 85percent fly ash-ground granulated blast furnace slag substitutions reached the minimum compressive strength required at 28days. Mixes with up to 60 and 65percent fly ash achieved the minimum compressive strength of 13.8MPa in 44 and 54days, respectively.