Abstract
The type and amount of activator directly determine the production cost and low-carbon attributes of alkali-activated cementitious materials (AACMs). This study employs a synergistic approach of internal and external alkali activation to prepare red mud-based AACMs, utilizing Na2CO3 as the external alkali and red mud as the internal alkali. During the preparation process, we observed that the alteration in the method of incorporating Na2CO3 within the AACMs system significantly affected the setting and hardening times of the AACMs. The influence of the incorporation method of Na2CO3 on the early workability and hydration process of the AACMs was systematically investigated using microscopic testing methods, including rheometry, isothermal calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis. The test data indicate that pre-dissolving Na2CO3 reduces the yield stress and plastic viscosity of the AACMs paste, accelerates the nucleation rate of early hydration products, and decreases the ultimate degree of hydration. Consequently, the setting and hardening rates of the AACMs paste are enhanced, and its 28-day compressive strength is reduced.
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