Comprehensive study related to advancement in biomaterials for medical applications

Abstract

Biomaterials are materials that are primarily made or engineered for biological compatibility with the tissue and cells so that they can be used for healing or repairing purposes on a living organism. They are widely used nowadays for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. Due to their biodegradability and eco-friendly nature, they offer a wide domain of application not only in medicinal applications but also on the platforms of technological advancement. The interaction of biomaterials with the body organs, resiliency for the cellular activity, matchless quality of co-ordination with the immune system, biomimetic characteristics are some of the solid proof that suggests the use of biomaterial for curing the human body defects. This review paper is an endeavored attempt to provide the most comprehensive knowledge of biomaterial for the application of healing wounds, skin repair, and bone tissue engineering in the human body. Biocompatibility is the term which is used for specifying the behavior of biomaterial in various physical and chemical conditions. Apart from their use mentioned above, they are also employed for drug delivery mechanisms, breast implantation, heart valves repairment, vascular grafts, and fracture stabilization. Many problems are bound to creep in while using these materials for biological purposes some of them are-decrease in the rate of neovascularization of tissue-engineered, contraction, and fibrosis of the tissue. When viewing the biomaterial in term of bone tissue engineering the major challenge include the building of the material that can be coupled with both the mechanical and biological concern of real bone tissue matrix and the vascularization for the new construct. Knowing the bio functionality of these materials could help us a lot to curb these problems.