In vivo investigations of polymers in bone tissue engineering: a review study

Abstract

Bone tissue engineering (BTE) applications and regenerative strategies have been used to improve the clinical practice of repairing large bone defects associated with surgical resections, congenital malformations, and trauma. The scaffolds are designed to stimulate a biological response, including cell interactions, and guide tissue regeneration by functioning as artificial biomimetic extracellular matrixes. Polymeric biomaterials are suitable for bone tissue engineering since they possess both chemical and physical properties, enabling the control of shape, morphology, and biodegradability, which makes them suitable for bone regeneration and tissue engineering applications. In vivo animal models were studied for collagen, chitosan, poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and high density polyethylene (HDPE), the four most common polymers employed in bone tissue engineering. Through analysis of the results of this review, the in vivo studies can provide a large-scale evaluation of the possibility of achieving optimal bone-forming capabilities and regenerative capabilities. Furthermore, the review will serve as an essential reference for bone tissue engineering applications as well as contribute to the development of novel in vivo investigations