Comprehensive Classification System for Localized Alveolar Bone Deficiencies in Treatment Planning for Dental Implants: A Proposed Classification and Prevalence Study.

Abstract

Introduction The current classification of alveolar bone defects remains ambiguous. This study aims to classify and evaluate the prevalence of bone deformities using a comprehensive classification system for localized alveolar bone deficiencies in dental implant treatment planning. Methods This cross-sectional prospective clinical trial included 698 participants (353 females and 345 males), patients with localized alveolar bone deficiencies. The clinical parameters evaluated were keratinized tissue width (KTW) and gingival thickness (GT) at the edentulous site. The width and height of alveolar bone deficiency at the site of implant placement were measured as horizontal deficiency (HD) and vertical deficiency (VD). Results Out of 698 patients, 566 (81.10%) had Subclass A horizontal deficiencies (HD), 99 (14.20%) had Subclass B HD, and 33 (4.70%) had Subclass C HD. Regarding vertical deficiencies (VD), 426 (61%) had Class I VD, 222 (31.80%) had Class II VD, and 50 (7.20%) had Class III VD. Younger individuals (20-30 years) predominantly exhibited Subclass A HD, whereas older participants (above 50 years) showed more severe deficiencies (Subclass B and C HD, and Class II and III VD). Gender analysis indicated no significant difference in HD prevalence but a significant difference in VD, with males more commonly presenting Class I VD and females exhibiting more Class II VD. Conclusion The study reveals significant associations between age and both HD and VD, indicating that older individuals tend to have more severe deficiencies. The study's findings underscore the importance of the proposed classification system in accurately identifying alveolar bone deficiencies and guiding appropriate treatment strategies, thereby improving clinical outcomes in dental implant therapy.