Comprehensive Chemical Profiling and Multidirectional Biological Investigation of Two Wild Anthemis Species (Anthemis tinctoria var. Pallida and A. cretica subsp. tenuiloba): Focus on Neuroprotective Effects.

Giustino Orlando,Reneta Gevrenova,Luigi Brunetti,Maurizio Ronci,Gokhan Zengin,Kouadio Ibrahime Sinan,Claudio Ferrante,Annalisa Chiavaroli,Sheila Leone,Luigi Menghini,Carene Marie Nancy Picot-Allain,Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally,Lucia Recinella,Simonetta Di Simone,Ismail Senkardes,Dimitrina Zheleva-Dimitrova

doi:10.3390/molecules24142582

Giustino Orlando, Reneta Gevrenova + Show 14 more

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Ethyl acetate (EA), methanol (MeOH), and aqueous extracts of aerial parts of Anthemis tinctoria var. pallida (ATP) and A. cretica subsp. tenuiloba (ACT) were investigated for their phenol and flavonoid content, antioxidant, and key enzyme inhibitory potentials. All extracts displayed antiradical effects, with MeOH and aqueous extracts being a superior source of antioxidants. On the other hand, EA and MeOH extracts were potent against AChE and BChE. Enzyme inhibitory effects against tyrosinase and α-glucosidase were observed, as well. We also studied Anthemis extracts in an ex vivo experimental neurotoxicity paradigm. We assayed extract influence on oxidative stress and neurotransmission biomarkers, including lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and serotonin (5-HT), in isolated rat cortex challenged with K+ 60 mM Krebs-Ringer buffer (excitotoxicity stimulus). An untargeted proteomic analysis was finally performed in order to explore the putative mechanism in the brain. The pharmacological study highlighted the capability of ACT water extract to blunt K+ 60 mM increase in LDH level and 5-HT turnover, and restore physiological activity of specific proteins involved in neuron morphology and neurotransmission, including NEFMs, VAMP-2, and PKCγ, thus further supporting the neuroprotective role of ACT water extract.

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Anthemis L is the second largest genus in Asteraceae family including more than 210 species, which are distributed in western Eurasia, Mediterranean and a small part of eastern Africa
The flowers of Anthemis species are well-documented for their use as antiseptic and healing herbs, with flavonoids, and essential oils being the main active components [2,6]
The samples were assayed for evaluating antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory potential, as well. Considering both the traditional antianxiety effect of A. tinctoria, the relationships between anxiety and brain oxidative/inflammatory stress [19], alongside with the well-established multi-target protective effects exerted by flavonoid fraction, in the brain [20], we studied the putative protective role of Anthemis extracts in isolated rat cortex challenged with a neurotoxicity stimulus (K+ 60 mM)

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Anthemis L is the second largest genus in Asteraceae family including more than 210 species, which are distributed in western Eurasia, Mediterranean and a small part of eastern Africa. Species belonging to Anthemis genus are commonly referred to as “Papatya”, in Turkey [1,4,5]. The species belonging to Anthemis genus are known to possess various biological properties and have found broad use in pharmaceutics, cosmetics, and food chemistry. The flowers of Anthemis species are well-documented for their use as antiseptic and healing herbs, with flavonoids, and essential oils being the main active components [2,6]. Tinctures, salves, and tisanes are extensively used as antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and sedative agents, in Europe [5]. The antimicrobial activity of essential oils of several Anthemis species have been previously reported [7,8,9,10]. It is documented that the seed oil has been used in the treatment of earaches and deafness [11,12,13]

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