Abstract
In this manuscript, it is reported how the composition can be designed, in order to obtain large crystals (>2 cm, required for device application) through the abnormal grain growth (AGG) in (K,Na)NbO3 (KNN)-based ceramics. The AGG of KNN-based ceramics can be expedited by considering three factors, such as the stoichiometry of compositions, the large amount of liquid phase, and the donor-doping to enhance the growth rate of a large grain. The composition of (1 – x)(K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 – xBa(Cu1/3Nb2/3)O3 (KNN – xBCuN) was designed to satisfy the three factors. A Ba2+ ion was a donor in KNN and CuO was added to form the large amount of liquid phase. During the sintering process, Cu ions melt into the liquid phase of KNN ceramics and Ba2+ ions enter the vacant sites of Na+ ions. Therefore, Ba2+ ions can compensate for the Na+ loss in KNN – xBCuN ceramics. The growth rate of large grains was enhanced approximately 1000 times and the single crystal (approximately 3 cm) was successfully obtained. In addition, this single crystal showed an excellent sensor property and Curie temperature, which were higher than those of PZT-based single crystals.
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