Abstract
RelevanceDiabetes mellitus is a disorder characterised by the presence of hyperglycemia. Patients with diabetes mellitus may present multiple complications over time related to the deterioration of the vascular system that are called microvascular complications when they affect small vessels. Clinical formsKey manifestations of these microvascular abnormalities related to diabetes mellitus are diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy and diabetic neuropathy. EtiopathogenesisTheir onset appears to maintain a clear relationship to chronic poor glycemic control, but other variables are also credited for it, ranging from best-known processes (blood pressure, lipids, tobacco) to lesser-known processes (genetic predisposition, epigenetics, oxidative stress...). DiagnosisDiagnosis is affordable during clinical practice, as it is based in examinations (retinopathy, neuropathy), analysis results (nephropathy) and/or symptoms (neuropathy). Prevention and treatmentPrevention is important, but there are also treatments that can avoid or slow down their progress after onset, and during the past years new therapeutic approaches are being researched which bear great interest for the foreseeable future.
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