Abstract
This was a single-blind comparative study of isradipine, a calcium antagonist and hydrochlorothiazide as monotherapy. Enalapril was added to either isradipine or hydrochlorothiazide if the desired diastolic blood pressure was not obtained. Seventy black or Indian patients of either sex, ages 18 to 65 years, who had essential hypertension, defined as a sitting diastolic blood pressure of 94 to 114 mmHg (World Health Organization definition of mild to moderate hypertension) after 2 weeks on placebo and no correctable forms of hypertension, were enrolled in the study. Patients were randomly assigned to the isradipine treatment group (35 patients) or the hydrochlorothiazide control group (35 patients). Two patients (one in each group) did not complete the 26-week study period. The mean dosage of isradipine was 2.3 mg BID (range, 1.25 to 5 mg BID) and that of hydrochlorothiazide was 20.2 mg daily (range, 12.5 to 25 mg daily). When enalapril was combined with isradipine, the enalapril dosage was 5 mg daily; the mean dosage of enalapril when combined with hydrochlorothiazide was 7.1 mg daily (range, 5 mg BID to 10 mg BID). Side effects occurred in one patient receiving isradipine and one receiving hydrochlorothiazide. No statistically significant difference between groups was seen, but more patients in the hydrochlorothiazide group required the addition of enalapril than did those in the isradipine group. An overall evaluation of blacks after enalapril was added to the regimen showed that black patients in the isradipine group responded better than those in the hydrochlorothiazide group. Isradipine proved to be a useful antihypertensive agent in the treatment of hypertension in black patients.
Published Version
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