Oral cyclosporine treatment for four pediatric patients with toxic epidermal necrolysis that showed no response to high-dose corticosteroids in combination with intravenous immunoglobulin: A Case series

Abstract

We report four pediatric patients diagnosed with toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) received treatment at our institution. All patients were previously healthy children with a median age of 7 years, comprising three boys and one girl (Table 1). Epidermal exfoliation and vesicular lesions ranged from 32.5% to 54.5% of the body surface area (BSA). Despite the administration of treatment comprising high-dose corticosteroids and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), new cutaneous herpes continually emerged. This prompted a transition to cyclosporine treatment (3-5 mg/kg/d) administered in 1-2 oral doses. Lesions stopped progressing, and bullous lesions started epithelialization after 13-27 days of hospitalization. Cases 1 and 2 faced secondary bacterial and fungal infections, respectively, and their temperatures stabilized after administration of antibiotics. Cases 3 and 4 experienced fever again when the dosage of corticosteroids was tapered off, with no discernible evidence of infection. The patients’ temperatures normalized upon the continuation of cyclosporine therapy. Among the patients, three presented asymptomatic elevated serum amylase, one of which met the diagnostic criteria for acute pancreatitis. Two children showed mildly raised aminotransferases, with one experiencing mild coronary artery dilation, two contracted onychomadesis, and three developed corneal ulceration/keratitis and atretoblepharia, which eventually resolved after vigorous ophthalmologic treatment. None of the children had any permanent sequelae after being discharged from the hospital for six months. The conclusion is that cyclosporine A is generally safe and effective for children who fail to respond to high-dose corticosteroids in combination with IVIG. Furthermore, early administration of cyclosporine may expedite re-epithelialization. However, ongoing exploration is required to determine if it can serve as an independent treatment or as the preferred choice for children with TEN.