Abstract
There is a trend in Malaysia and Singapore, engineers tend to model the effect of TBM tunneling or deep excavation to the adjacent piles in 2D model. In the 2D model, the pile is modelled using embedded row pile element which is a 1-D element. The user is allowed to input the pile spacing in out-of-plane direction. This gives an impression to engineers the embedded pile row element is able to model the pile which virtually is a 3D problem. It is reported by Sluis (2014) that the application of embedded pile row element is limited to 8D of pile length. It is also reported that the 2D model overestimates the axial load in pile and the shear force and bending moment at pile top and it is not realistic in comparison to 3D model. In this paper, the centrifuge results of single pile and 6-pile group - tunneling problem carried out in NUS (National University of Singapore) are back-analysed with Midas GTS 3D and a 2D program. In a separate case study, pile groups adjacent to a deep excavation is modelled by 3D and 2D program. This paper compares the deflection and forces in piles in 2D and 3D models.
Highlights
There are more and more numerical analyses were carried out for development fall within the first and second reserve of MRT line in recent years in Malaysia, especially in Klang Valley, starting from year 2010 as part of the requirement of submission to MRT Corp. for the developer to get approval of development
Engineers in Malaysia and Singapore are taking the advantage of 2D analysis in analysing a truly 3D problem in pile-tunnel interaction and the effect of deep excavation to adjacent piles
The other more important point from Sluis (2014) is that the embedded pile element is only suitable for pile length of up to 8D, where D is the diameter of the pile
Summary
There are more and more numerical analyses were carried out for development fall within the first and second reserve of MRT line in recent years in Malaysia, especially in Klang Valley, starting from year 2010 as part of the requirement of submission to MRT Corp. for the developer to get approval of development. Engineers in Malaysia and Singapore are taking the advantage of 2D analysis in analysing a truly 3D problem in pile-tunnel interaction and the effect of deep excavation to adjacent piles. It is interesting to test the embedded pile rows element in 2D analysis in which engineers are in font of using it to model piles in 2D analysis. 1.1 Background of embedded pile row Embedded pile row element was introduced in 2014 by Sluis et al and it is available in Plaxis AE onwards as to overcome the drawback of modelling the pile using beam element and anchor node in 2D analysis. The other more important point from Sluis (2014) is that the embedded pile element is only suitable for pile length of up to 8D, where D is the diameter of the pile
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