Abstract
This study analyzed the ciprofloxacin (CIP) degradation in real reclaimed water through UV/chlorine and UV/persulfate (UV/PS) advanced oxidation processes. The influence of oxidant dosage, pH, inorganic anions, and humic acid (HA) on the oxidation capacity and performances of various UV-based processes was investigated. The results revealed that the CIP degradation rate constants in the UV/chlorine and UV/PS processes were higher than that in UV/H2 O2 , direct-UV, NaClO, and K2 S2 O8 processes. The removal rate peaked at 0.1mM oxidant dosage for 1μM CIP, while the rate constant was highest at pH 5 (UV/chlorine) and pH 7 (UV/PS). The presence of Cl- , HCO3 - , and HA inhibited CIP removal in both processes. The degradation rate observed in reclaimed water was high, but still lower than that in laboratory water by 9.2 (UV/chlorine) and 9 (UV/PS) times. The UV/chlorine and UV/PS processes were found to be more cost-effective and hence more feasible in removing refractory compounds in reclaimed water. PRACTITIONER POINTS: The addition of oxidant and UV irradiation together had a pronounced promotion in the degradation of CIP. Cl· and SO4 ·- had potential importance for enhancing CIP degradation in UV/chlorine and UV/PS process, respectively. UV/chlorine and UV/PS processes exhibited effective removal capability to CIP in real reclaimed water.
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