Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity is an adaptive mechanism used by organisms to cope with environmental fluctuations. Pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) are large-scale farmed in the temperate area of northern China and in the warmer waters of southern China. RNA-seq and comparative transcriptomic analysis here were performed to determine if the northern and southern populations have evolved divergent plasticity and if functional differences are associated with protein synthesis and growth-related biological progress. The DNA methylation (5mC) landscape of H. discus hannai from the two populations using whole genomic bisulfite sequencing (WGBS), exhibited different epigenetic patterns. The southern population had significant genomic hypo-methylation that may have resulted from long-term acclimation to heat stress. Combining 790 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 7635 differentially methylated genes (DMGs), we found that methylation within the gene body might be important in predicting abalone gene expression. Genes related to growth, development, transduction, and apoptosis may be regulated by methylation and could explain the phenotypic divergence of H. discus hannai. Our findings not only emphasize the significant roles of adaptive plasticity in the acclimation of H. discus hannai to high temperatures but also provide a new understanding of the epigenetic mechanism underlying the phenotypic plasticity in adaptation to climate change for marine organisms.
Highlights
Phenotypic plasticity involves the ability of organisms to assume different phenotypes, without genotype changes, that facilitates adaptation to environmental variation (Pfennig et al, 2010)
Our study provides valuable insights into the phenotypic plasticity of H. discus hannai and facilitates new understanding of the potential roles of DNA methylation in phenotypic plasticity in marine invertebrates during acclimation to changing environment
H. discus hannai from CNN and CNS populations exhibit divergent phenotypic traits to enable its acclimation to different environments
Summary
Phenotypic plasticity involves the ability of organisms to assume different phenotypes, without genotype changes, that facilitates adaptation to environmental variation (Pfennig et al, 2010). Phenotypic plasticity allows rapid adaptation to changing environments and is an important adaptive mechanism for organisms facing the challenges of environmental fluctuations, especially. Analysis Underlying Phenotypic Plasticity of Abalone for marine organisms (Li A. et al, 2018; Li L. et al, 2018). Fine-scale adaptive divergence has been observed in populations of marine species facing rapid environmental changes (Place et al, 2012; Kenkel et al, 2013; Li L. et al, 2018). Populations of some species possess phenotypic plasticity that may buffer the negative impacts of environmental changes. There are few published studies on the molecular mechanisms underlying phenotypic plasticity in response to these environmental changes
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