Abstract
Building EXODUS software is used to calculate the evacuation times and simulate the evacuation behavior. The results and laws are compared with those from a 2D Cellular Automaton (CA) random evacuation model developed by our group. EXODUS simulation is more reasonable than the CA simulation in the case of evacuation from a simple room, but CA model is more reasonable in the case of evacuation in a long corridor after bottlenecks. As far as the evacuation from a simple room with a single exit is concerned, there is a critical value of exit width. The value of exit width should be bigger than the critical value in order to ensure a dilute pedestrian flow, but the value doesn’t need to be too big. The bigger the original occupant density, the longer the evacuation time is. They can be fitted as a linear relationship. The principle of taking the shortest route is not always useful. If the distribution of occupant density is not uniform at each building part, balancing the use efficiency of each exit should be the main principle in order to improve evacuation efficiency. All the above laws can be obtained both from EXODUS and the CA model.
Highlights
Available Safe Egress Time (ASET) and Required Safe Egress Time (RSET) are two important elements in evacuation evaluation
EXODUS simulation is more reasonable than the Cellular Automaton (CA) simulation in the case of evacuation from a simple room, but CA model is more reasonable in the case of evacuation in a long corridor after bottlenecks
The software of building EXODUS is used to analyze the influence of some physical factors on evacuation including exit width, layout of exits, occupant density and distribution, and etc
Summary
Available Safe Egress Time (ASET) and Required Safe Egress Time (RSET) are two important elements in evacuation evaluation. RSET is composed of detection and alarm time, pre-movement time [1] [2] [3] and occupant movement time. Pre-movement time is related to the type of building and occu-. This study only focuses on occupant movement time i.e. detection and alarm time, pre-movement time are not considered. Many researchers are committed to develop empirical formulas and models on evacuation movement time. Jamming is happened in evacuation crowd with high density, especially at narrow and long passages, doorways, stairs, etc. The software of building EXODUS developed by the University of Greenwich is applied to analyze the influence of occupant density, exit width and exits distribution on evacuation. Simple rooms without obstacles are considered in this study
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