Abstract
This study compares the effect of the addition of two types of lubricants on the dry sliding behavior of a simplified Cu-free phenolic resin-based composite material. The lubricants were commercial graphite and exfoliated graphitic carbon nitride (codenamed: TEX6). The graphite particles were rounded and of ‘flaky’ character. The TEX6 particles were not only flaky, but also irregular in shape, and ‘fluffy’. Both lubricants were added individually in the basic formulation and subjected to dry sliding tests on pin-on-disc testing equipment in mild conditions and against a grey cast-iron counterface. The tests with TEX6 observed a stable steady state in the friction coefficient (CoF) with lower scatter and lower average friction coefficient and pin wear magnitude when compared to samples containing graphite. Additionally, the worn surfaces of the TEX6-containing samples had extremely smooth, compact, and continuous secondary plateau coverage when compared to the graphite-containing samples. The counterface paired with the TEX6-containing samples observed much lower abrasive action compared to the graphite-containing samples. Through the wear testing and further evaluation of the secondary plateaus, the possible addition of TEX6 as a lubricant in friction material composition was explained, making it a promising component for automotive braking applications.
Highlights
The current commercially available friction materials for automotive braking applications can be roughly divided into low-metallic (LM), semi-metallic (SM), and non-asbestos organic (NAO) materials
The present study focuses on the comparison of friction-wear characteristics of a low-metallic friction material when commercial graphite and an exfoliated g-C3 N4 prepared using a tuned thermal exfoliation process are added separately in the simplified Cu-free phenolic resin-based friction mixture in the form of lubricants
Graphite particles are typically used as lubricant additives in commercial friction maTable 6
Summary
The current commercially available friction materials for automotive braking applications can be roughly divided into low-metallic (LM), semi-metallic (SM), and non-asbestos organic (NAO) materials. These complex friction materials essentially constitute four types of ingredients: binders, friction modifiers, fillers, and reinforcements [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]. The utilization of Cu has been restricted due to its adverse effects on the environment [2,12] Reinforcements such as steel fibers are known to impart strength, wear resistance, and thermal diffusivity [13]. Aranganathan et al [16] have demonstrated that the addition of aramid fibers in the friction materials promotes resistance to wear and friction stabilization [14]
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