Comparative proteomics provides insights into diapause program of Bactrocera minax (Diptera: Tephritidae).

Ying-Hong Liu,Li-Lin Ran,J Joe Hull,Jia Wang,Ying Li

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0244493

Abstract

The Chinese citrus fly, Bactrocera minax, is a notorious univoltine pest that causes damage to citrus. B. minax enters obligatory pupal diapause in each generation to resist harsh environmental conditions in winter. Despite the enormous efforts that have been made in the past decade, the understanding of pupal diapause of B. minax is currently still fragmentary. In this study, the 20-hydroxyecdysone solution and ethanol solvent was injected into newly-formed pupae to obtain non-diapause- (ND) and diapause-destined (D) pupae, respectively, and a comparative proteomics analysis between ND and D pupae was performed 1 and 15 d after injection. A total of 3,255 proteins were identified, of which 190 and 463 were found to be differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) in ND1 vs D1 and ND15 vs D15 comparisons, respectively. The reliability and accuracy of LFQ method was validated by qRT-PCR. Functional analyses of DAPs, including Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction, were conducted. The results revealed that the diapause program of B. minax is closely associated with several physiological activities, such as phosphorylation, chitin biosynthesis, autophagy, signaling pathways, endocytosis, skeletal muscle formation, protein metabolism, and core metabolic pathways of carbohydrate, amino acid, and lipid conversion. The findings of this study provide insights into diapause program of B. minax and lay a basis for further investigation into its underlying molecular mechanisms.

Highlights

The Chinese citrus fly, Bactrocera minax (Enderlein), has long been recognized as one of the most notorious pests of citrus in temperate Asia, especially in China [1, 2]
The findings provide insights into diapause program of B. minax and lay a basis for further investigation into its underlying molecular mechanisms
Information of primers for quantitative realtime PCR (qRT-PCR) validation of genes encoding selected differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) determined by LFQ analysis. (XLS) S2 Table

Summary

Introduction

The Chinese citrus fly, Bactrocera minax (Enderlein), has long been recognized as one of the most notorious pests of citrus in temperate Asia, especially in China [1, 2]. The oligophagous B. minax damage cultivated and wild species of citrus by larvae feeding inside the fruits which occasionally cause tremendous yield losses [2, 3]. Concerns have been raised over B. minax in citrus-growing regions in China. A number of studies focused on the ecology, biology, physiology, and management of B. minax have previously been carried out, so as to strengthen the comprehensive understanding of this pest [4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11].

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