Abstract
This paper made an attempt to put forward the comparative performance analysis of different energy storage devices (ESDs), such as redox flow batteries (RFBs), superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) device and ultra-capacitors (UCs), in the combined frequency and voltage stabilization of a multi-area interconnected power system (MAIPS). The investigative power system model comprises two areas, and each area consists of the power-generating sources of thermal, hydro and gas units. The intelligent control mechanism of fuzzy PID was used as a secondary controller optimized with a hybridized approach of the artificial electric field algorithm (HAEFA) subjected to the minimization of integral time absolute error (ITAE) objective function. However, the superiority of fuzzy PID in dampening the deviations of combined load frequency control (LFC) and automatic voltage regulator (AVR) responses was revealed upon comparison with conventional PI and PID. Further, the LFC-AVR combined analysis was extended to incorporate different ESDs one after the other. The simulation results reveal the efficacy of incorporating ESDs with the LFC-AVR system and the supremacy of RFBs in damping out the fluctuations in frequency and voltage.
Highlights
One of the central issues that practicing engineers face in electrical power systems is the simultaneous control of terminal voltage and area frequency
In this paper a HAEFA-tuned fuzzy PID was employed as a secondary regulator in both 0the load frequency control (LFC) and automatic voltage regulator (AVR) loops, and the dynamical analysis was carried out by laying area-1 with 10∆%f_S1LP
In this paper a HAEFA-tuned fuzzy PID was employed as a secondary regulator in both the LFC and AVR loops, and the dynamical analysis was carried out by laying area-1 with 10% SLP
Summary
One of the central issues that practicing engineers face in electrical power systems is the simultaneous control of terminal voltage and area frequency. Controlling devices that have been installed in large complex power systems are intended to deal with small load disturbances in order to hold system frequency and terminal voltage at specified limits. In this regard, the generating units are always provided with two operating loops. One is load frequency control (LFC) loop, which deals with reducing the gap among real power generation and load, thereby regulating the frequency. The other is the automatic voltage regulator (AVR) loop, which deals with controlling the reactive power in the system and thereby the terminal voltage [1]
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