Performance Comparison of Various Energy Storage Devices in Combined LFC and AVR of Multi Area System with Renewable Energy Integration

Abstract

This paper demonstrates the performance comparison of various energy storage devices (ESDs) like ultra-capacitors (UCs), Superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) and redox flow batteries (RFBs) in combined load frequency control (LFC) and automatic voltage regulation (AVR) of two area interconnected system. The test system comprises of thermal, hydro and gas plants in one area, another area consists diesel, wind and solar photovoltaic plants. To get more realistic study generation rate constraints (GRC) is considered for thermal and hydro plants. Proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller is chosen as secondary controller and the gains are optimized with proposed differential evolution- artificial electric field (DE-AEFA) algorithm. To showcase the superiority of proposed algorithm, its performance is compared with available algorithms of DE and AEFA. However, the performance of proposed algorithm is demonstrated by tested on widely used two area non reheat thermal power system available in literature. Later, the ESDs are incorporated in the system to damp out the oscillations in system frequency and terminal voltage further. The performance comparison of ESD in presence of proposed DE-AEFA based PID controller spotlights the significant impact of RFBs in combined frequency and voltage control.