Abstract
Direct-democratic instruments are widely available in the 11 states analysed in this book. The most common instrument is the rejective citizens’ initiative, which exists in nine out of the 11 states. It is followed by the law-initiated and the legislature-initiated referendum, which are both available in eight states. The two instruments that allow citizens to formulate a proposal, the proactive citizens’ initiative and the agenda initiative, exist in seven states each, the executive-initiated referendum in six states. The rarest instrument is the subnational entity-initiated referendum. In all states examined, certain formal limits, that is requirements regarding the formulation of the initiative proposal or the referendum question, exist. Almost all states also impose substantive limits on (some of) their direct-democratic instruments, meaning that they exclude certain subject matters from the scope of these instruments. The most prevalent solution for reviewing compliance with these limits is to authorize the parliament to do so: in five out of 11 states the decision on the substantive admissibility of initiative proposals or referendum questions is entrusted to the legislature.
Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
