Abstract
The Croatian constitutional order provides for various instruments of direct democracy at the national as well as the regional and local levels. The most important among these is the popular initiative (proactive citizen-initiated referendum) on constitutional and legislative matters on the national level. The only substantive legal limit prescribed for the popular initiative is that the referendum question must be in accordance with the Constitution. However, the full potential of the popular initiative has not been realized. The reasons for that are twofold: a very high number of signatures and procedural difficulties in collecting them on the one side and a very stringent test of the constitutionality of popular initiatives applied by the Constitutional Court on the other. Whenever the Court has been asked by the Parliament to determine whether a particular referendum question is in accordance with the Constitution, its decision has been negative.
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