Abstract
The genus Eristalinus is widely distributed globally. Four complete mitochondrial genomes (i.e., mitogenomes) of Eristalinus were sequenced and analyzed in this study: Eristalinus viridis (Coquillett, 1898), E. quinquestriatus (Fabricius, 1781), E. tarsalis (Macquart, 1855), and E. sp. Within these four sequenced mitogenomes, most protein-coding genes (ND2, CO1, COX2, COX3, ND3, ND5, ND4, ND4L, ND6, and Cytb) began with a typical ATN (T/C/G/A) start codon and ended with a stop codon TAA or incomplete T, whereas ND1 began with the start codon TTG. ND3 ended with TAG. The secondary tRNA structure was that of a typical cloverleaf, and only the tRNA-Ser1 lacked a DHU arm. Three and five domains appeared in the 12S and 16S rRNA secondary structures, respectively. The phylogenetic relationships among the four Eristalinus species combined with the published mitogenomes of Syrphidae were reconstructed using the maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods, which support the monophyly of the subfamily Syrphinae but do not support that of the subfamily Eristalinae. Of note, Eristalini and Syrphini are monophyletic groups. The mitogenomes of E. viridis, E. quinquestriatus, E. sp., and E. tarsalis are useful for determining the phylogenetic relationships and evolution of Syrphidae.
Highlights
The genus Eristalinus is widely distributed globally
The field work permission for specimen collection to Eristalinus viridis, E. quinquestriatus, E. tarsalis was approved by the Changqing National Nature Reserve, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, China, and was performed in accordance with relevant guidelines of the reserve, that for Eristalinus sp. is needless due to the location was not privately-owned or protected
Specimens of E. viridis, E. quinquestriatus, E. tarsalis, and E. sp. were collected from Shaanxi Province, China (Table S1), identified by Hu Li and Juan Li using the works by Huo et al.[2] and Huang and Cheng[3]
Summary
Four complete mitochondrial genomes (i.e., mitogenomes) of Eristalinus were sequenced and analyzed in this study: Eristalinus viridis (Coquillett, 1898), E. quinquestriatus (Fabricius, 1781), E. tarsalis (Macquart, 1855), and E. sp. Within these four sequenced mitogenomes, most protein-coding genes (ND2, CO1, COX2, COX3, ND3, ND5, ND4, ND4L, ND6, and Cytb) began with a typical ATN (T/C/G/A) start codon and ended with a stop codon TAA or incomplete T, whereas ND1 began with the start codon TTG. Eristalinae has been deemed as monophyletic group based on sequence data of nuclear 28S rRNA and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase c subunit 1 (COI) genes in conjunction with larval and adult morphological characteristics of syrphid t axa[9]. Saprophagy larvae of Eristalinus live in various organic-rich substrates, such as around pools, rotting trees, or other plants, and have even colonized a human corpse as shown in a recent s tudy[26]
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