Abstract
Mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) are widely used in research studies on phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history. Here, we sequenced and analyzed the mitogenome of the scentless plant bug Myrmuslateralis Hsiao, 1964 (Heteroptera, Rhopalidae). The complete 17,309 bp genome encoded 37 genes, including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, two ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, and a control region. The mitogenome revealed a high A+T content (75.8%), a positive AT-skew (0.092), and a negative GC-skew (–0.165). All 13 PCGs were found to start with ATN codons, except for cox1, in which TTG was the start codon. The Ka/Ks ratios of 13 PCGs were all lower than 1, indicating that purifying selection evolved in these genes. All tRNAs could be folded into the typical cloverleaf secondary structure, except for trnS1 and trnV, which lack dihydrouridine arms. Phylogenetic trees were constructed and analyzed based on the PCG+rRNA from 38 mitogenomes, using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods, showed that M.lateralis and Chorosomamacilentum Stål, 1858 grouped together in the tribe Chorosomatini. In addition, Coreoidea and Pyrrhocoroidea were sister groups among the superfamilies of Trichophora, and Rhopalidae was a sister group to Alydidae + Coreidae.
Highlights
Mitochondria are important cytoplasmic organelles in eukaryotic cells, playing a critical role in cell metabolism, disease, apoptosis, and senescence
As a result of advances in this technology, it is more feasible to obtain the complete mitogenome of large taxa; molecular phylogenetic analysis has been revolutionized (Beckenbach et al 2009; Kocher et al 2014)
The mitogenome contains 10 gene overlaps totaling 37 bp and ranging from 1 to 8 bp; the longest overlap is being found between trnW and trnC
Summary
Mitochondria are important cytoplasmic organelles in eukaryotic cells, playing a critical role in cell metabolism, disease, apoptosis, and senescence. Mitochondrial genomes are characterized by a simple structure, stable composition, conserved arrangement, maternal inheritance, and rapid evolutionary rate (Simon et al 2006; Cameron 2014; Tyagi et al 2020). Mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) have been widely used in phylogenetic analyses and studies on population genetics (Yuan et al 2015; Song et al 2019; Xu et al 2021). Next-generation sequencing enables large amount of sequence data to be obtained and analyzed in a more economically efficient manner. As a result of advances in this technology, it is more feasible to obtain the complete mitogenome of large taxa; molecular phylogenetic analysis has been revolutionized (Beckenbach et al 2009; Kocher et al 2014)
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