Abstract
In this study, an ordered mesoporous carbon structure with excellent adsorption properties towards chlorophenol compounds was synthesized using a hard template. The physico-chemical properties of the synthesized samples were studied using Small Angle X-ray Diffraction (SAXRD), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and nitrogen adsorption–desorption analysis. The capability of adsorption of 4-chlorophenol on mesoporous carbon has been investigated by varying the reaction time, initial concentration of 4-chlorophenol, adsorbents loading and the pH of the solution; and the results compared with commercial activated carbon as a microporous carbon. Freundlich, Langmuir, Tempkin and dubinin-radushkevich adsorption isotherms were used to model the equilibrium adsorption data for 4-chlorophenol compound. The kinetic analysis showed that the adsorption process was fitted with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The equilibrium data were investigated by the main adsorption isotherm models on the mesoporous and microporous carbons as adsorbents, which revealed that the Freundlich model was better to describe the 4-chlorophenol adsorption than other models. Also, the obtained results indicated that the adsorption capacity and equilibrium time for mesoporous carbon were better than microporous carbon, 90 mg/g after 25 minute compare to 60 mg/g after 60 minute, respectively.
Highlights
Chlorophenols (CPs) are a particular group of toxic materials which exist as important materials in water pollutions
The diffraction pattern indicates that the mesoporous carbon is replicated the parent structure of silica template
The results showed that the 4-chlorophenol adsorption rate is rapid at the first, as such; the required time for equilibrium is about 25 minute, in which the 82% adsorption is completed
Summary
Chlorophenols (CPs) are a particular group of toxic materials which exist as important materials in water pollutions. Development of effective structures as adsorbents with short equilibrium times for the adsorption of toxic compounds from solutions is important In this regard, compared with microporous activated carbons, mesoporous carbons have attracted much research attention due to their uniform pore structure, large pore size, high adsorption capacity, recoverability and appropriate selectivity for the adsorption of toxic compounds from solutions [4,15]. The ordered mesoporous carbons are desirable materials which can be frequently used to adsorb large molecules from polluted environments These materials have been considered owing to their potential in various applications, especially in the adsorption of large molecules which their sizes are larger than the micropores; and particular properties, such as regular frameworks, high surface areas and narrow pore size distributions. Kinetic studies were carried out to investigate the effect of various parameters on adsorption of 4-chlorophenol on the adsorbents; the correlation between experimental data and the isotherm models were determined
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