Community Awareness and Willingness to Participate in Electronic Waste Management: A Case Study of the District Banjarsari, Surakarta

Electronic and electrical waste management in Sri Lanka: Suggestions for national policy enhancements

The objective of the study was to determine the factors that influence community participation in the management of electronic waste. A survey of community willingness to participate in the management of electronic waste was conducted using questionnaires. Survey locations covered western areas of the city of Surabaya, Indonesia, where 238 respondents were selected proportionally from high-, medium-, and low-income groups during 2014. The group was divided by land and building taxes, which represents the socio-economic conditions of the community. Processing and statistical data analysis were performed with structural equation modeling. Results showed that one factor influencing the willingness of communities to manage e-waste was behavior, while factors influencing the willingness of communities to pay more included behavior, attitudes, and knowledge. Strategies to increase community participation can be applied through education and community assistance, the provision of recycling facilities, and applied regulations about e-waste management and extended producer responsibility.

Introduction: Electronic waste is a type of waste that is now becoming a visible problem. The high consumption rate of electronic waste and its relatively short lifespan are some of the reasons for the increasing amount of electronic waste. The total amount of electronic waste in Indonesia in 2019 was estimated to reach 1.62 million tons. The large amount of electronic waste in Indonesia has not yet been managed properly, one of the reasons being the absence of specific regulations governing the comprehensive management of electronic waste. In Indonesia, electronic waste is still generally classified into the category of hazardous and toxic waste (B3). The promising economic value of the electronic waste business also presents other problems from the management of electronic waste in Indonesia, which keeps the strong influence of the informal sector in its supply chain. Inadequate management of electronic waste will have negative impacts not only on the environment, but also on social and economic factors. Result: The importance of drafting specific regulations governing the management of electronic waste in Indonesia needs to be realized immediately, considering that electronic waste is an entity that requires the responsibility of all elements involved, from producers, consumers, collectors, to the role of the government.

22 - Electronic waste management in Romania: pathways for sustainable practices

Electronic waste management in Indonesia is currently not a major concern for various parties and is relatively left behind when compared to developed countries. This study aims to evaluate the existing conditions of electronic waste management in Indonesia and compile recommendations for electronic waste management programs in Indonesia. This research was conducted by collecting primary data from questionnaires and collecting secondary data from the literature on electronic waste management in developed countries (United States, Japan, and Switzerland) and Indonesia. The collected data were compared and analyzed for compiling strategy in the SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats). Recommendation programs for electronic waste management in Indonesia were established based on SWOT Matrix. The evaluation results show that the existing conditions of electronic waste management in Indonesia are lagging compared to developed countries. The management recommendation program provided is the 4R programs (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle and Remove) for electronic waste; Dropbox to collect electronic waste; Development of formal electronic waste management infrastructure; Industrial revitalization / private electronic waste recycling facilities; Development of electronic waste landfill; Application of economic instruments for electronic manufacturers; Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) for electronic equipment; Trade-in for all electronic products; and cooperate with the informal sector. Keywords: Developed countries, Electronic waste, Program recommendations, SWOT analysis, Waste management.

Waste electronic parts or machines are called as E-waste for the electronic products, which after long use become waste material and it contains hazardous material that affects human beings, based on hazardous waste condition and density. This study expresses the issues associated to e-waste disposal methods and management of e-waste. There is a deficiency of agreement or only to result that cannot useful for its future reason. Informal execution of electronic-disposal in various countries may develop critical health and pollution issues, while those countries are also a huge quantity to reuse and repair electronics. Several electronic waste apparatuses, for example CRTs may include pollutants, as an instance lead, cadmium, beryllium, brominated flame or retardants. While in developed countries, recovering and dumping of e-waste consists an important hazard for employees and societies and great concern must be there to avoid hazardous exposure to recycling functions and discharging of poisonous materials

Electronic waste is waste containing Hazardous and Toxic Materials (B3). Heavy metals such as lead and cadmium can acidify the soil, reduce its quality for agriculture, and threaten microorganisms that are important for soil ecology. Descriptive method, by collecting information from various written sources to describe the impact of electronic waste on the soil in depth. Sorting of electronic waste that can be recycled from that which cannot be reused. Sorting is done based on the characteristics of each component. After sorting, electronic components are dismantled using techniques such as Desoldering to separate valuable parts. Furthermore, electronic waste is crushed into small sizes and separated based on density and magnetic properties to obtain recyclable materials. In the final stage of electronic waste management, namely the Hydrometallurgy stage where valuable metals are extracted using chemical solutions, followed by refining to produce pure metals. Electronic waste management includes sorting, desoldering, crushing, and hydrometallurgy. Implementing this management method effectively and an integrated approach with government regulations, we can create an efficient electronic waste management system.

The article is devoted to the actual problem of substantiating directions for the use of innovative digital solutions in the management of waste electrical and electronic equipment. The structure of e-waste in developed countries in 2022, which includes IT and telecommunications devices, consumer devices and solar panels, power tools and medical devices, was analyzed and it was found that the largest share is household large-sized appliances (52.7%). Analysis of the dynamics of electronic waste generation per capita in industrialized countries in 2013–2022 showed that in 2022, each resident of Australia – 22.42 kg, Canada – 20.58 kg, Israel – 14.56 kg of electronic waste was generated, Japan – 20.55 kg, Korea – 16.80 kg, Great Britain – 24.63 kg, USA – 21.50 kg, EU – 28.54 kg. Considered the practice of waste management in industrially developed countries. For example, Japan (18–25%) is most actively involved in the processing of electronic waste. The EU has developed a strategy - an action plan for the closed cycle economy, in which the reduction of electrical and electronic waste is a key priority, and a number of proposals have been submitted to promote the repair of goods. The well-founded role of digitalization in the management of electronic waste, which consists in increasing the speed of waste processing and increasing its economic efficiency. The areas of use of innovative digital solutions in electronic waste management are defined, such as: robotics, artificial intelligence and neural networks, the Internet of Things, cloud solutions and data analytics. The advantages of digitization in waste management are disclosed, which includes: automation in waste disposal; improvement of the recycling process; ensuring waste minimization and saving natural resources; creating opportunities to identify problem areas and assess the efficiency of electronic waste disposal; helps to save money, energy and time for waste collection and disposal. The directions for handling electrical and electronic equipment waste have been defined, which consist in preventing the generation of waste, its collection, separation, processing, extraction of secondary raw materials through reuse, recycling and other forms of recovery, which will contribute to the realization of the goals of sustainable production and consumption and the improvement of environmental indicators.

This study was carried out to evaluate the people’s awareness level about electronic waste (e-waste) disposal and management practices as well as their impact on environment, also provides recommendations for moving forward on this problem in Tayma governorate, KSA. The data for this work were collected during the distribution of 96 questionnaires on householders and governmental organizations (municipality and health sector). Likert Scale was used for the analysis of the participants. The results of householders exhibited that awareness are low or medium various degrees for e-waste disposal and management practices as well as their impact on environment and there is no formal or informal e-waste sector in Tayma governorate. The participants reported that they use all electronic home appliances, computers, laptops and Mobile phone and more than double the equipment was disposed of as e-waste during the past 10 years, which increases e-waste. The responses from the Tayma governorate's municipality and health sector revealed that a large number of people (from 68% to 88%) did not know a person or company that could collect their used electronics for reuse, resale, recycling, or dismantling; they were also unaware of any electronic waste management policies currently in place in Tayma; and there was a very low perception of public awareness of the laws in place for e-waste and for the control of exposure. Also, there are hazards to the growing amount of e-waste in Tayma and they must be support the unorganized sector’s role in waste management (while providing for safer practices). They added, no companies and the general population complied with electronic waste management policies and not found priority of government and individual levels for e-waste problem now. Finally, they said the vision 2030 for Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is gives full attention to the e-waste problem. The participants needs to more information on government rules and regulation for e-waste management. Government entities in Tayma Governorate must therefore make invest more in raising public awareness at all levels of society as well as at the legislative and institutional levels.

In this era of technological upsurge, electrical and electronics waste management has become a noteworthy dedication for all developed and evolving economies. In this research, eight potential barriers for electronic waste (E-waste) management for an evolving economy namely, Bangladesh were identified by a review of literature and from feedback of face-to-face interviews with five E-waste management experts’ of Bangladesh. The best worst method was used to evaluate these eight barriers. The findings disclosed that “Absence of legal framework for E-waste management” has been the key barrier in the context of Bangldesh. The result of the research is expected to contribute to address the key barriers to E-waste management policy through identification and priortization of barriers by government policymakers.KeywordsE-waste managementBarriersBest Worst method

Electronic waste is a rich source of both valuable materials and toxic substances. Management of electronic waste is one of the biggest challenges of current worldwide concern. As an effective and prevailing environmental management tool, life cycle assessment can evaluate the environmental performance of electronic waste management activities. Quite a few scientific literatures reporting life cycle assessment of electronic waste management with significant outcomes have been recently published. This paper reviewed the trends, characteristics, research gaps, and challenges of these studies providing detailed information for practitioners involved in electronic waste management. The results showed that life cycle assessment studies were most carried out in Europe, followed by Asia and North America. The research subject of the studies mainly includes monitors, waste printed circuit boards, mobile phones, computers, printers, batteries, toys, dishwashers, and light-emitting diodes. CML was the most widely used life cycle impact assessment method in life cycle assessment studies on electronic waste management, followed by EI99. Furthermore, 40% of the reviewed studies combined with other environmental tools, including life cycle cost, material flow analysis, multi-criteria decision analysis, emergy analysis, and hazard assessment which came to more comprehensive conclusions from different aspects. The research gaps and challenges including uneven distribution of life cycle assessment studies, life cycle impact assessment methods selection, comparison of the results, and uncertainty of the life cycle assessment studies were examined. Although life cycle assessment of electronic waste management facing challenges, their results will play more and more important role in electronic waste management practices.

Context: Handling of electronic and electrical waste (E-waste) has adverse effects on the environment and human well-being. To address the environmental and health risks arising from improper e-waste disposal, it is crucial to foster responsible practices and enhance understanding of e-waste management. Aims: This study aimed to assess the knowledge, awareness, and practice of e-waste management and association of these factors with demographic variables among undergraduate medical students. Settings and Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted at a private medical university among medical students in Malaysia. Subjects and Methods: The selection of participants was done using purposeful sampling, and the questionnaire was distributed in the form of an online survey using Google Forms. Statistical Analysis Used: Chi-square test and multivariable logistic regression were calculated. Results: Out of the 135 medical students surveyed, 39.3% demonstrated a good knowledge and 27.4% displayed a good awareness. In terms of practice, 67.4% of respondents appropriately disposed of electronic gadgets, whereas 41.5% properly disposed of electrical appliances. Notably, no statistically significant associations were found between demographic characteristics and the knowledge, awareness, and practice in e-waste management among the participants. Conclusions: Our research emphasizes the insufficient knowledge, awareness, and inadequate implementation of proper practices concerning e-waste management among medical students. Fostering a supportive environment and emphasizing collaborative efforts are crucial steps that empower medical students to actively participate in and contribute to responsible electronic waste practices. This approach enables students to be proactive agents in promoting a greener and more environmentally conscious approach to electronic waste.

The electronic waste conjointly called e-waste consists of unwanted electronic and electrical waste items. The increasing usage of electrical and electronic goods has arisen in the production of a higher quantity of electronic waste. The management of electronic waste in emerging nations is a challenging problem due to the lack of awareness and improper handling of waste material. Electronic waste management is the challenging problem also in India due to a lack of awareness and poor skills of peoples. In developing nations like Brazil, China, India, etc. major focus lies over monetary gains rather than spending on managing wastage. E-waste accumulation becomes a direct environmental issue that may develop human health hazards. The present study focuses on various constituents existing in e-waste or created throughout processes of use in conjunction with their management and disposal methods.

Electronic waste, which includes everything from refrigerators to smartphones, is one of the world’s fastest growing waste streams. Often these items are simply discarded as new technology becomes available. A huge amount of electronic waste is generated globally and currently only around 20% of it is recycled. The complex mixture of materials and components within electronic waste makes it difficult to manage and many of these components can pose hazards to human health or the environment if not disposed of carefully. There have been significant changes in the global approach to electronic waste management and the legislation around it since the publication of the first edition of Electronic Waste Management. This new edition provides an updated overview across the world as well as presenting new chapters on current issues in recycling and management of this waste. This is an essential reference not only for those working in recycling and waste management, but also for those working in manufacturing and product development who wish to consider the full lifecycle of their products. It also provides valuable insights for policymakers developing more environmentally sound and sustainable systems and strategies for the management of electronic waste.

Following the upsurge of technological developments escorted with scale economies, the electronic industry has decidedly growing and brought one of the major environmental problem known as electronic waste or e-waste. In particular, this study investigates the public awareness about e-waste and the level of engagement in e-waste management practices. The survey covers household heads, general service department workers and higher governmental officials of Addis Ababa. The findings discovered that households’ level of awareness about e-waste and its management was much lower than the general service department personnel and higher governmental officials. Evidently, the ordinal regression outputs has revealed statistically significant results between the sub-cities as well as the educational institutions and governmental sector offices. It also appears that respondent’s educational qualifications and monthly incomes had unequivocally affects the awareness and engagement level. E-waste is considered and treated like other types of municipal solid wastes. It is ostensible that there were newly purchased electronic equipment but which are not yet serviceable due to the absence of manuals, their sizes and designs and lack of knowhow. Therefore, in view of these veracities, the study discernibly highlighted the implications of the existing status and suggests certain recommendations to raise public awareness on e-waste.