Combined static and dynamic dispatch of integrated electricity and heat system: A real-time closed-loop demonstration

Abstract

Coupling the electricity and heating systems introduce opportunities to handle the intermittent nature of an increasing share of renewable power generation. Coordination of units in the coupled systems requires careful static dispatch towards an optimization objective. As the uncertainties in renewable forecasting are reduced towards operation time, operators can perform dispatch numerous times to balance the determined mismatches. With higher shares of renewable, sudden changes in power generation due to changing weather can cause a power imbalance that disturbs the system frequency. To handle such hazards, dynamic dispatch in the form of frequency control is necessary. Recent literature in integrated electricity and heating systems (IEHS) is studied in this work to combine the static and dynamic dispatch of units. A two-stage stochastic day-ahead scheduling method combined with a model predictive control (MPC) -based real-time optimal operation method that allocates both following and regulating reserves is used as the static dispatch of the IEHS. The allocated reserves constrain the performance of the dynamic dispatch by limiting the control capacity. In this work, an MPC coordinated frequency control of small- and large-scale heat pumps is considered as the dynamic dispatch of the IEHS. The performance of the dynamic dispatch is evaluated through a real-time closed-loop simulation platform, where the system conditions of the static dispatch are used as the steady-state conditions. Results show that despite challenging communication conditions, the frequency control of small- and large-scale heat pumps improves frequency nadir conditions after a power imbalance.