Abstract
The increase in waterproof surfaces, a typical phenomenon of urbanization, on the one hand, reduces the volume of rainwater that naturally infiltrates the subsoil and, on the other, it determines the increase in speeds, flow rates, and outflow volume surface; at the same time, it causes a qualitative deterioration of the water. This study researched the optimal management of urban drainage systems via the combined application of real-time control and green technologies. A hydraulic model of the sewer system of the suburbs of Bologna (Italy) was set up using the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) to evaluate the reduction in water volume and the masses of pollutants discharged in water bodies. The combined application of these technologies allows significantly reducing both the pollutants released into the receiving water bodies and the overflow volumes, while optimizing the operation of the treatment plants. Green technologies cause an average reduction equal to 45% in volume and 53% of total suspended solids (TSS) sent to the receiver. The modeled cases represent only some of the possible configurations achievable on urban drainage systems; the combined use of different solutions could lead to further improvements in the overall functioning of the drainage system.
Highlights
In light of the results of numerous studies demonstrating an increase in in the frequency of extreme precipitations and floods [1] and of soil sealing due to urbanization [2] all over Europe, stormwater management is assuming a crucial role in the preservation of urban catchments in the face of two undesired phenomena: (i) pluvial floods and (ii) combined sewer overflows (CSOs) [3]
Simulations results were evaluated with respect to the C1real benchmark scenario in terms of runoff volumes (m3)real-time control” (RTC)
This study provided and illustrated a modeling tool for analyzing the outcomes of installing
Summary
In light of the results of numerous studies demonstrating an increase in in the frequency of extreme precipitations and floods [1] and of soil sealing due to urbanization [2] all over Europe, stormwater management is assuming a crucial role in the preservation of urban catchments in the face of two undesired phenomena: (i) pluvial floods and (ii) combined sewer overflows (CSOs) [3]. The first includes construction techniques used to reduce already formed volumes of water and contaminants such as tanks and detention ponds. They are normally implemented as the last stage of a sewer system before the water is discharged into a water body [6,7]. Because of the high cost of end-of-pipe stormwater management solutions and the lack of space in which to build them, in highly urbanized urban basins, many water utilities are currently investigating the feasibility of reducing runoff with
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