Abstract
Nanoparticles have been used for many functional materials in nano-sciences and photo-catalyzing surface chemistry. The titanium oxide nanoparticles will be useful for the treatment of tumor by laser and/or ultrasound as the sensitizers in nano-medicine. We have studied the combination therapy of photo- and sono-dynamic therapies in an animal tumor model. Oral-administration of two sensitizers titanium oxide, 0.2%-TiO2 nanoparticles for sono-dynamic and 1 mM 5-aminolevulinic acid for photodynamic therapies have resulted in the best combination therapeutic effects for the cancer treatment. Our light microscopic and Raman spectroscopic studies revealed that the titanium nanoparticles were distributed inside the blood vessel of the cancer tissue (1-3 μm sizes). Among these nanoparticles with a broad size distribution, only particular-sized particles could penetrate through the blood vessel of the cancer tissue, while other particles may only exhibit the side effects in the model mouse. Therefore, it may be necessary to separate the optimum size particles. For this purpose we have separated TiO2 nanoparticles by countercurrent chromatography with a flat coiled column (1.6 mm ID) immersed in an ultrasonic bath (42 KHz). Separation was performed with a two-phase solvent system composed of 1-butanol-acetic acid-water at a volume ratio of 4:1:5 at a flow rate of 0.1 ml/min. Countercurrent chromatographic separation yielded fractions containing particle aggregates at 31 and 4400 nm in diameter.
Highlights
Cancer could be treated as the most complicated disease in the medical science and for this reason scientists of different parts of the world are still trying their level best to achieve a full control on this chaotic pathological condition
In many cases drug-cocktails or sequenced therapeutic combinations of natural, synthetic or semi-synthetic chemotherapeutic agents have shown a great promise for treating cancer more effectively by avoiding or overcoming a very usual phenomenon of single drug induced resistance capability of the cancer cells. [11,12,13,14,15] In our study we have used the combinations of two different physical inputs of sound and light for activating a combined anticancer sensitizer, namely TiO2+ 5-aminolevulinic Acid (5-ALA), more effectively
We had been studied of photodynamic therapy (PDT) using 5-ALA as a precursor, protoporphyrin-IX (Pp-IX) of hem [59] which had used as a photosensitizer and a fluorescent indicator of cancer margin of glioblastoma during the neurosurgical operation in clinical uses of Japan
Summary
Cancer could be treated as the most complicated disease in the medical science and for this reason scientists of different parts of the world are still trying their level best to achieve a full control on this chaotic pathological condition.
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