Abstract
The study aims to assess the in vitro anti-inflammatory property of aqueous extracts of novel herbal formulations consisting of Phyllanthus niruri, Boerhavia diffusa and Picrorhiza kurroa (Liver Kidney Care™– LKC™,Organic India™) and Zingiber officinale (Ginger, Organic India™). The extracts were analyzed by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC–MS) for the detection of active ingredients. LC–MS confirmed the presence of active ingredients Phyllanthin, Boeravinone-B, Picroside I and Picroside II in LKC™; and 6-Gingerol in Ginger. Cytotoxicity assessments were done by Trypan blue cell exclusion method. The cells were pre-incubated with extracts from two herbal formulations LKC™or Ginger prior to TNFα or arachidonic acid (AA) stimulation to determine their effects on inflammatory signalling. Non-toxic doses of the extracts were used to determine their anti-inflammatory property by quantifying mRNA expression of IL-6, IKBA, ALOX5 and COX2 using qPCR and protein expression of IκBα and phospho-p65 by western blot. TNFα-induced mRNA expression of IL-6, IKBA and COX2, and IκBα protein degradation along with phosphorylation of p65 was inhibited by LKC™and Ginger extracts. AA-induced mRNA expression of COX2, ALOX5 and IL-6, and phosphorylation of p65 was inhibited by LKC™and Ginger extracts.LKC™ and Ginger aqueous extracts inhibited TNFα- or AA-induced intracellular inflammatory signalling pathways (NFκB, cyclooxygenase, lipooxygenase),suggesting the anti-inflammatory potential of these herbal formulations.
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