Cobalt-doped copper sulfide nanocomposite integrated with graphene oxide as a high-performance conversion anode for aqueous zinc-ion batteries

Abstract

Rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) encounter substantial obstacles arising from the inherent dilemmas of dendrite growth, hydrogen gas evolution, and corrosion affiliated with zinc metal anodes, thereby highlighting the necessity for researching conversion anode materials as a promising pathway forward. Copper sulfide (CuS) has been demonstrated as a promising conversion anode material for ZIBs due to its notable electrochemical performance, while challenges persist regarding the Coulombic interactions between Zn2+ and host anions, coupled with the material’s fundamental conductivity that remains less than fully satisfactory. To address the above issues, we have designed and synthesized a nanostructured composite of cobalt doped CuS integrated in graphene oxide frames (GO/Co-CuS) as anode for ZIBs. The cobalt doping serves to alleviate Coulomb interaction (Coulomb attraction) between Zn2+ and host anions, thereby enhancing the kinetics of Zn2+ diffusion. Furthermore, the incorporation of GO framework improves the electrical conductivity of the material and mitigates volume expansion during the reaction process. The synergistic effect engendered by the combination of cobalt doping and the incorporation of a GO framework results in the remarkable electrochemical performance exhibited by GO/Co-CuS. The GO/Co-CuS composite nanostructure exhibited commendable rate capability and cycling stability. Specifically, it exhibits remarkable rate capability, delivering 296 mAh g−1 at 1 A/g and 168 mAh g−1 at 10 A/g. Furthermore, after 1000 cycles at a high current density of 10 A/g, it maintains a capacity of 166 mAh g−1, demonstrating exceptional cycling stability. Additionally, the full-cell configuration of GO/Co-CuS//MnO2@CNTs, when cycled 241 times at 2 A/g, retains a capacity of 79 mAh g−1, thereby confirming the practical efficacy of the GO/Co-CuS nanocomposite as an efficient conversion anode for ZIBs.