Abstract
Coastal wetlands store terrestrial carbon and conserve biodiversity, thus playing an essential ecological role. Reliable regional-scale assessments of wetland dynamics, such as analysis of land use and land cover (LULC), and coastal monitoring, provide important hydrographical and socio-geographical information. Remote sensing images, such as Earth Observation satellite data, are useful for examining temporal LULC changes and providing environmental monitoring data. This study presents a method of mapping and monitoring changes in coastal LULC using classified multispectral images acquired by the Korea Multi-Purpose Satellite-2 (KOMPSAT-2). Wetland changes are monitored in three different protected tidal flats areas on the coastal boundary of the Korean Peninsula with the Yellow Sea, for the period of 2008 - 2015. High overall accuracy and Kappa coefficient values for the accuracy assessment indicate the suitability of LULC classification using high spatial resolution KOMPSAT imagery, even when an unsupervised classification approach is adopted. The LULC maps were analyzed and evaluated using post-classification change detection methods. Results showed spatial decreases of 6 and 20% for mixed forest and wetlands in the Gyeonggi area, respectively, but no significant changes over time for Jeonbuk and Jeonnam. There was a 12% increase in developed areas for Gyeonggi but only 1.9 and 6% for Jeonbuk and Jeonnam, respectively. LULC change is thus easily identified through a pixel-based analysis of multispectral KOMPSAT-2 images over time. Such data are useful for environmental and policy managers when developing advanced coastal management strategies.
Highlights
Coastal wetlands play an essential role in promoting ecosystem biodiversity by providing natural habitats for a wide variety of species (Gibbs 2000; Klemas 2013)
Braud and Feng (1998) identified the Louisiana coastline via threshold level slicing and image classification techniques using Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) imagery, and Li and Damen (2010) combined the use of Landsat and Satellite Pour l’Observation de la Terre (SPOT) to examine variations in coastline morphology over time caused by extensive harbor construction and advancing land reclamation in the estuary
Historical data for use in assisting coastal management are often limited or nonexistent in many coastal areas; image sources at a high spatial resolution provided by remote sensing offer a valuable opportunity to determine the current extent of coastal wetlands and to detect changes therein
Summary
Coastal wetlands play an essential role in promoting ecosystem biodiversity by providing natural habitats for a wide variety of species (Gibbs 2000; Klemas 2013). Remote sensing can provide timely and accurate geospatial information at a regional and global scale; it has rapidly become a focus of research and is used in practical applications (Adam et al 2014; Moser et al 2016) This digital detection technique identifies real-world changes based on the differences between pixels in images taken on two (or more) separate occasions. Braud and Feng (1998) identified the Louisiana coastline via threshold level slicing and image classification techniques using Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) imagery, and Li and Damen (2010) combined the use of Landsat and Satellite Pour l’Observation de la Terre (SPOT) to examine variations in coastline morphology over time caused by extensive harbor construction and advancing land reclamation in the estuary Despite their advantages, Landsat images have a relatively coarse spatial resolution of 30 m, and sometimes have problems in accurately characterizing changes that occur within wetland regions. This spatial resolution becomes more significant when extremely accurate image analysis is required (Huang and Friedl 2014)
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