Abstract
A closed-loop modeling method was established here to evaluate the performance of new battery technology from lab research to scaled-up developed electric vehicle (EV) applications. As an emerging energy-storage device, the lithium–sulfur battery (LSB) is a very promising candidate for the next generation of rechargeable batteries. However, it has been difficult to commercialize the LSB up to now. In this work, we designed and built a battery, EV, and driver system loop model to study the key performance parameters of LSB operation in EVs, in which the tested data from the lab were introduced into the model followed by simulating driving cycles and fast charging. A comparison with the lithium-ion batteries used in real vehicles verified the high reliability of the model. Meanwhile, the simulation results showed that the LSB needs more improvements for EV application; in particular, developments are still highly needed to overcome the high power and energy loss and sharp voltage vibration for practical applications. The novelty of this work relies on the created closed-loop modeling method to simulate lab research results for evaluating new battery technology in scaled-up EV applications in order to not only vividly predict EV operation performance and commercialization feasibility, but also thoughtfully guide researchers and developers for further optimization and problem solutions. Therefore, this method holds great promise as a powerful tool for both lab research and the industrial development of new batteries for EV applications.
Highlights
Air pollution has resulted in severe environmental problems [1]
Materials and Methods l2o.1.oSipmulmationoMdetehold was built with a battery model, driver m through the equivalent circuit principle, vehicle driving This work presents a closed-loop modeling system using lab research results to simulate the lithium–sulfur battery (LSB) in scaled-up electric vehicle applications for the first time
The electric vehicle (EV) in which the lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and LSB packs were configured to power
Summary
Air pollution has resulted in severe environmental problems [1]. In particular, exposure to traffic-related air pollution can cause potentially fatal human health concerns such as asthma, cancer, and cardiovascular disease [2]. Benefiting from high energy density and being environmentally friendly, the lithium–sulfur battery (LSB) is regarded as one of the most promising candidates for use in the further development of EVs [6] This technology has still not been industrialized for EVs, because there are some severe restrictions such as low coulomb efficiency, self-discharge, and dissolution of polysulfides, resulting in rapid capacity fading [7,8,9,10]. Modeling could be a powerful method to bridge the lab research of batteries and electric vehicle technology development, which plays an important role in scaled-up lab prototypes and practically applicable devices, and identifies some critical bottlenecks and solutions for optimization of the prototypes, even shedding light on the development of some fundamental sciences in energy conversions. This work vividly demonstrates the power of model simulation with usesTofhlaibsreswearochrdkata fporrtheessecanledt-sup daeveclolpomseentdof-alpoploicaptionms wohilde geulidiinngg sys further research and development directions
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