Abstract
Dermatophytosis is the most important group of superficial fungal infections caused by dermatophytes and clinical manifestations vary depending on the causal agent and on the host immune response. The present study was undertaken to assess the clinical profile of dermatophytic infections and to identify the causative fungal species in various clinical presentations among the patients attending the dermatology department of Katuri Medical College and Hospital, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh.: A Hospital-based cross-sectional study conducted at Katuri Medical College and Hospital, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh where suspected cases of dermatophytosis attending the outpatient department of Dermatology, KMC & H, Chinakondrupadu, Guntur conducted during January 2018 to May 2019. Specimen collected was subjected to potassium-hydroxide (KOH) wet preparation (10% KOH for skin and hair; 40% KOH for nail)the specimen was inoculated into a test tube containing Sabouraud's dextrose agar with 0.05% chloramphenicol and 0.5% cycloheximide.Out of 163 cases, 73 (44.79%) were males and 90 (55.21%) were females. Male-to-female ratio was 0.81:1. Majority of the patients belonged to the age group of 31 – 40 years. Tinea corporis was the most common clinical type observed among 95 cases (58.28%). Mixed dermatophytosis was observed in 54(33.13%) cases. Out of which majority were T corporis + T cruris (66.67%) clinical types. 33.12% of the cases showed culture positive isolates. T. mentagrophytes was the commonest (78.8%) isolate identified in Culture medium. Tinea corporis was the most common clinical type observed in the present study. T. mentagrophytes was the commonest (78.8%) isolate identified in culture medium.
Highlights
Dermatophytosis is the most important group of superficial fungal infections caused by dermatophytes, which is a group of fungi that are capable of growing by invading the keratin of skin, hair, and nail for obtaining nutrients
T. mentagrophytes was the commonest (78.8%) dermatophyte observed in the culture isolates which is similar to the study conducted by Noronha et al, In contrary, T rubrum was the common isolate in the study conducted by Janardhan et al, and Sudip Das et al, 10 These differences may be due to the regional variation in the prevalence of various dermatophye species
The present study shows that dermatophyte infection was found to be higher in younger age group especially in females
Summary
Dermatophytosis is the most important group of superficial fungal infections caused by dermatophytes, which is a group of fungi that are capable of growing by invading the keratin of skin, hair, and nail for obtaining nutrients. 1. According to World Health Organization (WHO), the prevalence rate of superficial mycotic infection worldwide has been found to be 20-25%. 3. Environmental factors include high temperature and relative humidity, which provide conditions favourable to fungal dispersion and development. Environmental factors include high temperature and relative humidity, which provide conditions favourable to fungal dispersion and development Sociodemographic factors, such as poor socioeconomic status, promiscuity, prolonged contact with animals, and poor hygiene conditions, are conducive to the incidence and propagation of mycotic infections. Cultures may begin to see growth in about five days but may take up to four weeks in certain species. At least four weeks are needed to deem a sample as "no growth." The most common isolation medium used for fungal cultures is a Sabourad dextrose agar (1% glucose, 4% mycological peptone agar, water).
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