Clinico-pathological correlation study in chronic kidney disease patients undergoing hemodialysis

Abstract

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a global health problem and associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Hemodialysis is the most common mode of renal replacement in end stage kidney disease. Variation in hematological and biochemical parameters are the prime factors responsible for morbidity and mortality in CKD patients. Normocytic Normochromic Anemia is a typical morphology seen in CKD patients resulting due to erythropoietin deficiency. Early detection and treatment of these pathologies can improve the quality of life in CKD patients.: 1) To evaluate the clinical manifestations and various pathological changes associated with CKD patients on hemodialysis. 2) To compare and correlate various clinico-pathological parameters in CKD patients on hemodialysis, with special emphasis on diabetic kidney disease.: One year eleven months retrospective study was done at CIMS hospital, which included 50 CKD patients. Complete clinical data were recorded and correlated with various hematological and biochemical parameters. Statistical analysis was performed by chi square test and student’s T test. Out of 50 CKD patients, 86% were male, age group of 41-50 years (62%). The commonest co-morbidity was combined hypertension with diabetes in 44%. Majority (72%) had BP between 140-159mmHg. Most (64%) of the CKD patients were known cases of diabetes. Significantly lower levels of RBC count, hemoglobin, hematocrit and platelet count were found with normocytic normochromic anemia being the commonest morphological type. Significantly increased WBC counts, ESR, serum urea, creatinine and serum phosphate levels were noted in CKD patients. DKD patients showed significant risk compared to NDKD patients. CKD is a progressive, irreversible disease. We found alterations in various haematological and biochemical parameters, which were more severe among DKD patients compared to NDKD patients. Early recognition and management of these changes will have an important impact in improving the quality of life.