Abstract
Salivary gland tumors (SGTs) comprise a group of rare neoplasms. Locally aggressive, recurrent and/or metastatic SGTs are notorious for their resistance to systemic therapy, making the need for carefully designed, prospective and randomized trials with useful predictive markers mandatory to define new effective therapeutic protocols. Histone Deacetylases (HDACs), are thought to play a crucial role in carcinogenesis. They affect the DNA structure, being also able to regulate its transcription, repair, and replication. This study aimed to evaluate—to our knowledge for the first time—the HDAC-1, -2, -4 and -6 immunohistochemical expression in SGTs and their potential use as prognostic biomarkers. Medical records and archival histopathological material of 58 (36 benign and 22 malignant) SGT patients were included in this study. The H-score was statistically correlated with the clinicopathological characteristics for all cases and patients’ survival rate in malignant SGTs. HDAC-2 positivity was significantly associated with more prolonged overall survival (OS) of patients with malignant SGTs (p = 0.028), while HDAC-2 positivity and no HDAC-6 expression were associated with prolonged OS of patients with HG malignant SGT (p = 0.003 and p = 0.043, respectively). Additionally, a high HDAC-2 H-score was significantly associated with longer OS for HG malignant SGT patients (p = 0.027). In our study, HDAC-2 expression is a marker for good prognosis, whereas HDAC-6 expression indicated poor prognosis; thus, an inhibitor of HDAC-6 may be used to improve patients’ survival.
Highlights
We aimed to investigate the possible correlations of Histone Deacetylases (HDACs)-1
HDAC expression was noted in 33% (1 out of 3), 89% (16 out of 18), 62.5% (5 out of 8) and high HDAC expression was noted in 33% (1 out of 3), 89% (16 out of 18), 25% (1 out of 4) of HDAC-1, -2, -4 and -6 positive SGTs, respectively (Table 1)
HDAC-2 expression emerges as an essential positive prognostic factor for SGT, whereas HDAC-6 expression as a negative one
Summary
Salivary gland tumors (SGTs) comprise a group of rare neoplasms, accounting for 3% to. 10% of all head and neck tumors, characterized by histological diversity with—occasionally extensive—overlapping morphology and a broad spectrum of clinical behavior. The number of carcinoma types has increased from 5 in the 1972 WHO classification edition, to 22 in the 2017 one, and, in the same period, the number of benign tumors has increased from 4 to. Diagnostic and classification challenges are not uncommon [3]. Current research aims towards new immunohistochemical markers and molecular techniques to overcome these difficulties [4,5,6,7,8,9]. As far as malignant SGTs are concerned, their annual incidence ranges from 0.5 to 2 per 100,000 internationally [10].
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