Clinical Outcomes and Cost Analysis in Patients with Heart Failure Undergoing Transcatheter Edge-to-Edge Repair for Mitral Valve Regurgitation.

Abstract

Objective: To analyze the clinical and cost outcomes of transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (TEER) for mitral regurgitation (MR) in heart failure (HF) patients. Methods: All 162 HF patients undergoing TEER for MR between January 2019 and March 2023 were included. A propensity-adjusted analysis was used to compare 32 systolic vs. 97 diastolic vs. 33 mixed (systolic + diastolic) HF patients. Systolic, diastolic, and mixed HF patients were defined according to AHA guidelines. The primary outcome was the long-term incidence of all-cause death and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs, all-cause mortality + stroke + myocardial infarction + repeat intervention). Results: The mean age was 76.3 vs. 80.9 vs. 76 years old, and the mean ejection fraction (EF) was 39.5% vs. 59.8% vs. 39.7% in systolic vs. diastolic vs. mixed HF, respectively. Postoperatively, the diastolic vs. systolic HF group had a higher intensive care unit stay (21 vs. 0 h; HR 67.5 (23.7, 111.4)]; lower ventilation time [2 vs. 2.3 h; HR 49.4 (8.6, 90.2)]; lower EF [38% vs. 58.5%; HR 9.9 (3.7, 16.1)]. In addition, the diastolic vs. mixed HF groups had a lower incidence of EF < 50% (11 vs. 27 patients; HR 6.6 (1.6, 27.3) and a lower use of dialysis (one vs. three patients; HR 18.1 (1.1, 287.3), respectively. At a mean 1.6 years follow-up, all-cause death [HR 39.8 (26.2, 60.5)], MACCEs [HR 50.3 (33.7-75.1)], and new pacemaker implantations [HR 17.3 (8.7, 34.6)] were higher in the mixed group. There was no significant total hospital cost difference among the systolic (USD 106,859) vs. diastolic (USD 91,731) vs. mixed (USD 120,522) HF groups (p = 0.08). Conclusions: TEER for MR evidenced the worst postoperative and follow-up clinical outcomes in the mixed HF group compared to diastolic and systolic HF groups. No total hospital cost differences were observed.