Abstract
Unfavourable trends have been identified in the evolution of climate factors (temperatures, precipitation, etc.) over the past years, with a direct impact on the vegetative and productive potential of the vine. This calls for a reassessment of climate resources and the adaptation of cultivation technologies to the new conditions. Our paper analyses the climate data recorded between 1991 and 2020 for the Iaşi vineyard ecosystem, which allowed for the calculation of a series of bioclimatic indices and coefficients, deviations from the multiannual average values, soil moisture dynamics, and their influence on development of vegetation phenophases and grape production. The increasing tendency of the average annual temperature and the decreasing amounts of precipitation registered point to a marked warming of the vineyard climate, especially after 2000. The high values of temperatures, corroborated with the soil water deficit, determined an intensification of the atmospheric and pedological drought, a shift in vegetation phenophases, shortened development periods and a forced ripening of grapes, with a negative impact on yields, which fluctuated from one year to another. The analysis of the ecoclimate conditions over the past 30 years has highlighted an alternation of periods, a colder and wetter one between 1991 and 2006, and a warmer and dried one between 2007 and 2020.
Highlights
The worldwide climate change is expected to edge in the coming decades and will obviously influence the biology of horticultural species, especially vines (Jones and Webb, 2010; Van Leeuwen et al, 2016; Georgakopoulos et al, 2016, Piña-Rey et al, 2020; Emadodin et al, 2021)
The analysed period covered a series of homogeneous data for the last 30 years (1991-2020), based on which a series of multiannual bioclimatic coefficients and indicators used in winegrowing were calculated: thermal coefficient, precipitation coefficient, hydrothermal coefficient, Martonne aridity index, real heliothermal index, vine bioclimatic index, oenoclimatic aptitude index and Huglin heliothermal index (Table 1)
During the period 1991-2020, there was an average multiannual temperature of 10.3 °C with an amplitude of 3.4 °C determined by the difference between the maximum average of 12.0 °C recorded in 2020 and the minimum average of 8.6 °C recorded in 1996
Summary
The worldwide climate change is expected to edge in the coming decades and will obviously influence the biology of horticultural species, especially vines (Jones and Webb, 2010; Van Leeuwen et al, 2016; Georgakopoulos et al, 2016, Piña-Rey et al, 2020; Emadodin et al, 2021). Global warming is characterised by an increase in the average temperatures throughout the surface of the planet. Mitigating this phenomenon is currently considered one of the most significant challenges for the scientific world. Computer-simulated climate scenarios have shown that in the long term, a 3-4 °C. The journal will continue to appear quarterly, as before, with four annual numbers
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