Classification of soils east of the Shatt al-Arab area using technologies for remote sensing.

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This study was conducted to investigate the Morphological , physical and chemical properties for some soils of Basrah province ,by using Remote sensing Technique as Satellite image Land Sat 8 OLI , contour line and Geographic Information system (GIS) to delineate the land form units in area , which was checked and completed through field observation to generate a preliminary soil Mapping units . Ten profile were selected to represent different mapping units . The results of morphological description indicated that all pedons represent a recent soils which composed rivers sediments with absent of illuvial horizons ( B) . The results also showed a dominance of the dull yellow orange color in the dry state and in the moist state the dominance was to the dull yellowish brown ; Also , the dominance was to the structure sub – angular blocky . Sudden variation of texture has been found in both vertical and horizontal direction with dominance of clay and silt particles with low percentage for sand particle , The bulk density increased with the depth in comparing with surface horizons that appeared low value . Also the solid density increased with the depth in all soils pedons with clear differences among soil units . The results of chemical analysis indicated that OM content was about 1.02 – 19.67 gm .kg-1 and the highest values were at surface horizons especially in the pedon 4 , . Also results showed that the CaCO3 content was high in study area with homogenous in depth at value more than 150 gm .kg-1 . And ECe varied from low to very high values in the area of study , as shown in the soils pedon 4 and 5 salinity and a low to moderate . The pH values were within natural range of Iraqi soils in all strips and physiographical units they were about 7.31 – 8.21 . The CaSO4 content decreased to less than 3 % . Morphological ,physical and chemical properties of the studied pedons indicated that all pedons belong to Entisols order and Fluvents suborder ,Torrifluvents great group ,Typic Torrifluvents sub group , eight series were identified in study area according to Al-Agaidi (1976).