Classification Of Masonry Structures Used InDomestic Architecture Of 17th-19th Centuries InMadrid

Abstract

Structural decay in masonry buildings from the 17 to 19 centuries is very common in Madrid mainly because of poor conservation in which normally a complex pathology where cracks of different kinds appear. Most of them have a structural origin and derive from the material. The existence of cracks does not mean necessarily that the building is in danger of collapse or, even, that an intervention is required. Not only structural interventions would be better made due to a better understanding of the problem, but also a lot of them could be avoided altogether with the consequent economy. Nowadays, awareness of the cultural heritage is growing in the society and conservation is encouraged over substitution. Although this is very positive in general, a rational and deep reflection about the rehabilitation process itself is missed. The starting point of this paper is a documental historical approach of the masonry construction systems used in Madrid from the 17' to 19' centuries: foundations, cellar walls and vaults, facades made of brick, internal structural walls, partitions, etc. This study follows three main lines: 1) Madrid by-laws; 2) original documentation of the domestic architecture in Madrid including plans, contracts of works and construction work conditions; and 3) treatises of construction. This approach verified the uniformity of the structural masonry elements. Once the main characteristics of the basic construction elements are known, including the materials, dimensions and methods of construction, a structural analysis can be carried out to guide future interventions, if necessary. Transactions on the Built Environment vol 55, © 2001 WIT Press, www.witpress.com, ISSN 1743-3509