Abstract
Globally, civil air traffic has been growing rapidly in recent years, and with this growth, there has been a considerable improvement in air safety. However, in Indonesia, the recent rate of incidents and accidents in aviation is far higher than the global average. This study aims to assess civil aviation safety occurrences in Indonesia and, for the first time, to investigate factors contributing to these occurrences within commercial Indonesian aviation operations. In this study, 97 incident/accident investigation reports published by the Indonesian National Transportation Safety Committee between 2007 and 2015 were analysed. The most common occurrences involved Runway Excursions, Loss of Control In-Flight, and Controlled Flight into Terrain. In terms of the likelihoods of the occurrences and the severity of consequences, Runway Excursions were more common while Loss of Control In-Flight and Controlled Flight into Terrain events were more severe and often involved fatalities. In Indonesia, Runway Excursions were usually nonfatal and comprised 45% of the occurrences for commercial flights, compared to 34% globally. Further, in this study, weather and Crew Resource Management issues were found to be common contributing factors to the occurrences. Weather was a contributing factor for almost 50% of the occurrences involving Indonesian commercial flights. Adverse weather contributed to Loss of Visual Reference for visual flight operations in mountainous areas, which contributed to the majority of Indonesian fatal accidents. The combination of Indonesian monsoon climate and mountainous weather characteristics appears to provide many risks, mitigation of which may require specialist pilot training, particularly for multicrew aircraft. In identifying the main contributing factors, this study will hopefully provide motivation for changes in training and operations to enhance future aviation safety in Indonesia.
Highlights
Civil aviation has been marked by two general trends: increasing traffic volume and an improving safety record. e International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) notes that air traffic internationally has increased by 78% in the last two decades, from 18 million aircraft departures in 1995 to 32 million in 2014 [1, 2], and to 34 million departures in 2015 [3]
While there is a declining accident rate in line with the global trend, the Indonesian accident rate is still considerably higher than the average global rate [10]. e Chief of the IATA Accident Classification Task Force (ACTF) noted that Indonesia’s accident rate has been and still is an area of concern [11, 12]. is was highlighted in the public eye in October 2018 and February 2019 by accidents which involved the same operator, Lion Air [13, 14]. e earlier accident resulted in 189 fatalities, while the later was a nonfatal overrun incident. e fatal accident occurred over the Java Sea during climb, while the other was at Pontianak airport during landing
In choosing the methodology for this study, the authors noted that there are no previous studies at all which have attempted to describe the nature of civil aviation accidents in Indonesia, or to ascertain which are the important factors which contribute to those accidents. e Indonesian government, as a signatory to ICAO, has established the air accident investigation bureau and placed this agency under the National Transportation Safety Committee (NTSC) which oversees the safety of all modes of transport. e air investigation bureau has a requirement to analyse all fatal and major accidents and to report in accordance with ICAO Annex 13
Summary
Civil aviation has been marked by two general trends: increasing traffic volume and an improving safety record. e International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) notes that air traffic internationally has increased by 78% in the last two decades, from 18 million aircraft departures in 1995 to 32 million in 2014 [1, 2], and to 34 million departures in 2015 [3]. Civil aviation has been marked by two general trends: increasing traffic volume and an improving safety record. E International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) notes that air traffic internationally has increased by 78% in the last two decades, from 18 million aircraft departures in 1995 to 32 million in 2014 [1, 2], and to 34 million departures in 2015 [3]. E International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) notes that the accident rate of commercial aviation has dramatically decreased from 4.8 per million departures in 2008 to 2.78 million in 2015 [5, 6]. The Indonesian rate of accidents has declined from 13.92 per million departures in 2008 to 6.06 per million departures in 2015 [9].
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