Abstract
The freeze-substituted chloroplast in Cyanidium caldarium was observed by electron microscopy. Double envelope membranes could be clearly seen. Phycobilisomes were much better fixed by freeze-substitution than by chemical fixation. They appeared as slender cords in contrast to the disk or hemispherical shapes assumed by image subjected to chemical fixation. The arrangement of the phycobilisome-cords on the thylakoid was in a manner more similar to that in Rhodophyta than that in Cyanophyta. The double envelope membranes and the arrangement of phycobilisome-cords suggest that Cyanidium caldarium may appropriately be classed as a member of Rhodophyta.
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