Abstract
This paper examines the major factors shaping and primary features of both the traditional and current Chinese strategic cultures. By rejecting the term of "Cultural Realism" covering both versions of the strategic cultures, traditional Chinese strategic culture centered on "Cultural Moralism" is conceived as mainly influenced by Confucian preference of non-violent means to external aggression. The present version of Chinese strategic culture expressed in the form of "Defensive Realism," on the other hand, though has certain linkages with its traditional counterpart, stresses more on the material strength than cultural and ideational preferences.
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